Writing Across the World's Languages: Deep Internationalization for Gboard, the Google Keyboard
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Abstract (arXiv)
This technical report describes our deep internationalization program for Gboard, the Google Keyboard. Today, Gboard supports 900+ language varieties across 70+ writing systems, and this report describes how and why we have been adding support for hundreds of language varieties from around the globe. Many languages of the world are increasingly used in writing on an everyday basis, and we describe the trends we see. We cover technological and logistical challenges in scaling up a language technology product like Gboard to hundreds of language varieties, and describe how we built systems and processes to operate at scale. Finally, we summarize the key take-aways from user studies we ran with speakers of hundreds of languages from around the world.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Dec 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 3; 2023: 2; 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
10 papers.
- 2022Building Machine Translation Systems for the Next Thousand Languagescited by 69
- 2021Blockchain Assisted Decentralized Federated Learning (BLADE-FL): Performance Analysis and Resource Allocationcited by 56
- 2022Language Modelling with Pixelscited by 55
- 2023A Material Lens on Coloniality in NLPcited by 21
- 2023Using Large Language Models to Accelerate Communication for Users with Severe Motor Impairmentscited by 3
- 2025Designing Speech Technologies for Australian Aboriginal English: Opportunities, Risks and Participationcited by 3
- 2022Horizontal Federated Learning and Secure Distributed Training for Recommendation System with Intel SGXcited by 0
- 2024Robust Model Aggregation for Heterogeneous Federated Learning: Analysis and Optimizationscited by 0
- 2025Think Outside the Data: Colonial Biases and Systemic Issues in Automated Moderation Pipelines for Low-Resource Languagescited by 0
- 2026Yor`ub'a in Unicode: An Overview of a Problemcited by 0
- 2026Yor`ub'a in Unicode: An Overview of a Problem27 Sep 2026
- 2025Designing Speech Technologies for Australian Aboriginal English: Opportunities, Risks and Participation5 Mar 2025
- 2025Think Outside the Data: Colonial Biases and Systemic Issues in Automated Moderation Pipelines for Low-Resource Languages23 Jan 2025
- 2024Robust Model Aggregation for Heterogeneous Federated Learning: Analysis and Optimizations11 May 2024
- 2023Using Large Language Models to Accelerate Communication for Users with Severe Motor Impairments3 Dec 2023
- 2023A Material Lens on Coloniality in NLP14 Nov 2023
- 2022Language Modelling with Pixels14 Jul 2022
- 2022Horizontal Federated Learning and Secure Distributed Training for Recommendation System with Intel SGX11 Jul 2022
- 2022Building Machine Translation Systems for the Next Thousand Languages9 May 2022
- 2021Blockchain Assisted Decentralized Federated Learning (BLADE-FL): Performance Analysis and Resource Allocation18 Jan 2021