Adaptive Factorization Network: Learning Adaptive-Order Feature Interactions
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Abstract (arXiv)
Various factorization-based methods have been proposed to leverage second-order, or higher-order cross features for boosting the performance of predictive models. They generally enumerate all the cross features under a predefined maximum order, and then identify useful feature interactions through model training, which suffer from two drawbacks. First, they have to make a trade-off between the expressiveness of higher-order cross features and the computational cost, resulting in suboptimal predictions. Second, enumerating all the cross features, including irrelevant ones, may introduce noisy feature combinations that degrade model performance. In this work, we propose the Adaptive Factorization Network (AFN), a new model that learns arbitrary-order cross features adaptively from data. The core of AFN is a logarithmic transformation layer to convert the power of each feature in a feature combination into the coefficient to be learned. The experimental results on four real datasets demonstrate the superior predictive performance of AFN against the start-of-the-arts.
Key facts. Cited by 48 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 Sep 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 7; 2023: 7; 2024: 11; 2025: 10; 2026: 7.
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- 2026TokenFormer: Unify the Multi-Field and Sequential Recommendation Worlds15 Apr 2026
- 2026ML-DCN: Masked Low-Rank Deep Crossing Network Towards Scalable Ads Click-through Rate Prediction at Pinterest9 Feb 2026
- 2026Distribution-Aware End-to-End Embedding for Streaming Numerical Features in Click-Through Rate Prediction3 Feb 2026
- 2026Exploring Recommender System Evaluation: A Multi-Modal User Agent Framework for A/B Testing8 Jan 2026
- 2025LLM-Empowered Representation Learning for Emerging Item Recommendation11 Dec 2025
- 2025Toward a benchmark for CTR prediction in online advertising: datasets, evaluation protocols and perspectives1 Dec 2025
- 2025Disentangled Interest Network for Out-of-Distribution CTR Prediction14 Nov 2025
- 2025Revisiting Feature Interactions from the Perspective of Quadratic Neural Networks for Click-through Rate Prediction23 May 2025
- 2025Field Matters: A Lightweight LLM-enhanced Method for CTR Prediction20 May 2025
36 more
- 2025Feature Staleness Aware Incremental Learning for CTR Prediction29 Apr 2025
- 2025Scaled Supervision is an Implicit Lipschitz Regularizer19 Mar 2025
- 2025From Features to Graphs: Exploring Graph Structures and Pairwise Interactions via GNNs19 Feb 2025
- 2025From Features to Transformers: Redefining Ranking for Scalable Impact5 Feb 2025
- 2025AdaF^2M^2: Comprehensive Learning and Responsive Leveraging Features in Recommendation System27 Jan 2025
- 2024Adaptive2: Adaptive Domain Mining for Fine-grained Domain Adaptation Modeling11 Dec 2024
- 2024A Centralized-Distributed Transfer Model for Cross-Domain Recommendation Based on Multi-Source Heterogeneous Transfer Learning14 Nov 2024
- 2024Deep Feature Embedding for Tabular Data30 Aug 2024
- 2024Beyond KAN: Introducing KarSein for Adaptive High-Order Feature Interaction Modeling in CTR Prediction16 Aug 2024
- 2024Polyhedral Conic Classifier for CTR Prediction6 Jun 2024
- 2024Unified Low-rank Compression Framework for Click-through Rate Prediction28 May 2024
- 2024Powering In-Database Dynamic Model Slicing for Structured Data Analytics1 May 2024
- 2024All-in-One: Heterogeneous Interaction Modeling for Cold-Start Rating Prediction26 Mar 2024
- 2024Wukong: Towards a Scaling Law for Large-Scale Recommendation4 Mar 2024
- 2024MerRec: A Large-scale Multipurpose Mercari Dataset for Consumer-to-Consumer Recommendation Systems22 Feb 2024
- 2024LiRank: Industrial Large Scale Ranking Models at LinkedIn10 Feb 2024
- 2023FLIP: Fine-grained Alignment between ID-based Models and Pretrained Language Models for CTR Prediction30 Oct 2023
- 2023On the Embedding Collapse when Scaling up Recommendation Models6 Oct 2023
- 2023AdSEE: Investigating the Impact of Image Style Editing on Advertisement Attractiveness15 Sep 2023
- 2023A Model-Agnostic Framework for Recommendation via Interest-aware Item Embeddings17 Aug 2023
- 2023Weighted Multi-Level Feature Factorization for App ads CTR and installation prediction3 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploiting Field Dependencies for Learning on Categorical Data18 Jul 2023
- 2023DELTA: Dynamic Embedding Learning with Truncated Conscious Attention for CTR Prediction3 May 2023
- 2022CL4CTR: A Contrastive Learning Framework for CTR Prediction1 Dec 2022
- 2022RESUS: Warm-Up Cold Users via Meta-Learning Residual User Preferences in CTR Prediction28 Oct 2022
- 2022Higher-order Neural Additive Models: An Interpretable Machine Learning Model with Feature Interactions30 Sep 2022
- 2022Human Pose Driven Object Effects Recommendation17 Sep 2022
- 2022Detecting Arbitrary Order Beneficial Feature Interactions for Recommender Systems28 Jun 2022
- 2022Boosting Factorization Machines via Saliency-Guided Mixup17 Jun 2022
- 2022PEAR: Personalized Re-ranking with Contextualized Transformer for Recommendation23 Mar 2022
- 2021Dynamic Parameterized Network for CTR Prediction9 Nov 2021
- 2021ARM-Net: Adaptive Relation Modeling Network for Structured Data5 Jul 2021
- 2021SHORING: Design Provable Conditional High-Order Interaction Network via Symbolic Testing3 Jul 2021
- 2021GraphFM: Graph Factorization Machines for Feature Interaction Modeling25 May 2021
- 2021DCAP: Deep Cross Attentional Product Network for User Response Prediction18 May 2021
- 2021Efficient Click-Through Rate Prediction for Developing Countries via Tabular Learning15 Apr 2021
- 2024Wukong: Towards a Scaling Law for Large-Scale Recommendationcited by 72
- 2023On the Embedding Collapse when Scaling up Recommendation Modelscited by 29
- 2021ARM-Net: Adaptive Relation Modeling Network for Structured Datacited by 24
- 2022CL4CTR: A Contrastive Learning Framework for CTR Predictioncited by 14
- 2021GraphFM: Graph Factorization Machines for Feature Interaction Modelingcited by 13
- 2022PEAR: Personalized Re-ranking with Contextualized Transformer for Recommendationcited by 12
- 2024LiRank: Industrial Large Scale Ranking Models at LinkedIncited by 12
- 2023FLIP: Fine-grained Alignment between ID-based Models and Pretrained Language Models for CTR Predictioncited by 11
- 2022Higher-order Neural Additive Models: An Interpretable Machine Learning Model with Feature Interactionscited by 7
- 2024Deep Feature Embedding for Tabular Datacited by 7
- 2022Detecting Arbitrary Order Beneficial Feature Interactions for Recommender Systemscited by 6
- 2024MerRec: A Large-scale Multipurpose Mercari Dataset for Consumer-to-Consumer Recommendation Systemscited by 6
12 most cited of 45 All 45 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond Interaction Capacity: Estimator Scaling with Recursive Models for CTR Prediction29 Sep 2026
- 2026LoKA: Low-precision Kernel Applications for Recommendation Models At Scale11 May 2026
- 2026TokenFormer: Unify the Multi-Field and Sequential Recommendation Worlds15 Apr 2026
- 2026ML-DCN: Masked Low-Rank Deep Crossing Network Towards Scalable Ads Click-through Rate Prediction at Pinterest9 Feb 2026
- 2026Distribution-Aware End-to-End Embedding for Streaming Numerical Features in Click-Through Rate Prediction3 Feb 2026
- 2025LLM-Empowered Representation Learning for Emerging Item Recommendation11 Dec 2025
- 2025Toward a benchmark for CTR prediction in online advertising: datasets, evaluation protocols and perspectives1 Dec 2025
- 2025Disentangled Interest Network for Out-of-Distribution CTR Prediction14 Nov 2025
- 2025Revisiting Feature Interactions from the Perspective of Quadratic Neural Networks for Click-through Rate Prediction23 May 2025
- 2025Field Matters: A Lightweight LLM-enhanced Method for CTR Prediction20 May 2025
- 2025Feature Staleness Aware Incremental Learning for CTR Prediction29 Apr 2025
- 2025Scaled Supervision is an Implicit Lipschitz Regularizer19 Mar 2025
12 newest of 45 All 45 (JSON)