Interaction Mechanisms Quantified from Dynamical Features of Frog Choruses

Interaction mechanism in the acoustic communication of actual animals is investigated by combining mathematical modeling and empirical data. Here we use a deterministic mathematical model (a phase oscillator model) to describe the interaction mechanism underlying the choruses of male Japanese tree frogs (Hyla japonica) in which the male frogs attempt to avoid call overlaps with each other due to acoustic communication. The mathematical model with a general interaction term is identified by a Bayesian approach from multiple audio recordings on the choruses of three male frogs. The identified model qualitatively reproduces the stationary and dynamical features of the empirical data, supporting the validity of the model identification. In addition, we quantify the magnitude of attention paid among the male frogs from the identified model, and then analyze the relationship between the attention and behavioral parameters by using a statistical model. The analysis demonstrates the biologically valid relationship about the negative correlation between the attention and inter-frog distance, and also indicates the existence of a behavioral strategy that the male frogs selectively pay attention towards a less attractive male frog so as to utilize the advantage of their attractiveness for effective mate attraction.