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Multi-Hop Paragraph Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering

arXiv 1906.06606 ↗First posted 15 Jun 2019cs.CL cs.IRcited by 34

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper is concerned with the task of multi-hop open-domain Question Answering (QA). This task is particularly challenging since it requires the simultaneous performance of textual reasoning and efficient searching. We present a method for retrieving multiple supporting paragraphs, nested amidst a large knowledge base, which contain the necessary evidence to answer a given question. Our method iteratively retrieves supporting paragraphs by forming a joint vector representation of both a question and a paragraph. The retrieval is performed by considering contextualized sentence-level representations of the paragraphs in the knowledge source. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance over two well-known datasets, SQuAD-Open and HotpotQA, which serve as our single- and multi-hop open-domain QA benchmarks, respectively.

Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 15 Jun 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 11; 2023: 8; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.

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  1. 2022Interleaving Retrieval with Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Knowledge-Intensive Multi-Step Questionscited by 911
  2. 2021Retrieving and Reading: A Comprehensive Survey on Open-domain Question Answeringcited by 178
  3. 2021Recent Advances in Deep Learning Based Dialogue Systems: A Systematic Surveycited by 130
  4. 2021Baleen: Robust Multi-Hop Reasoning at Scale via Condensed Retrievalcited by 63
  5. 2023FactKB: Generalizable Factuality Evaluation using Language Models Enhanced with Factual Knowledgecited by 55
  6. 2021Adaptive Information Seeking for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 29
  7. 2022Visconde: Multi-document QA with GPT-3 and Neural Rerankingcited by 23
  8. 2022Reasoning over Public and Private Data in Retrieval-Based Systemscited by 21
  9. 2023Chain-of-Skills: A Configurable Model for Open-domain Question Answeringcited by 19
  10. 2021Dynamic Semantic Graph Construction and Reasoning for Explainable Multi-hop Science Question Answeringcited by 17
  11. 2021QA-Align: Representing Cross-Text Content Overlap by Aligning Question-Answer Propositionscited by 16
  12. 2022Open-domain Question Answering via Chain of Reasoning over Heterogeneous Knowledgecited by 14
22 more
  1. 2025PhantomWiki: On-Demand Datasets for Reasoning and Retrieval Evaluationcited by 14
  2. 2025MemoTime: Memory-Augmented Temporal Knowledge Graph Enhanced Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 14
  3. 2022Multi-hop Evidence Retrieval for Cross-document Relation Extractioncited by 13
  4. 2024Enhancing textual textbook question answering with large language models and retrieval augmented generationcited by 13
  5. 2022From Easy to Hard: Two-stage Selector and Reader for Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 12
  6. 2022Asking for Knowledge: Training RL Agents to Query External Knowledge Using Languagecited by 10
  7. 2021A Graph-guided Multi-round Retrieval Method for Conversational Open-domain Question Answeringcited by 7
  8. 2023Similarity-weighted Construction of Contextualized Commonsense Knowledge Graphs for Knowledge-intense Argumentation Taskscited by 6
  9. 2023Unbalanced Optimal Transport for Unbalanced Word Alignmentcited by 6
  10. 2026OBLIQ-Bench: Exposing Overlooked Bottlenecks in Modern Retrievers with Latent and Implicit Queriescited by 5
  11. 2022ReasonChainQA: Text-based Complex Question Answering with Explainable Evidence Chainscited by 4
  12. 2022Rethinking Label Smoothing on Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 4
  13. 2023Performance Prediction for Multi-hop Questionscited by 4
  14. 2024Dr3: Ask Large Language Models Not to Give Off-Topic Answers in Open Domain Multi-Hop Question Answeringcited by 4
  15. 2024Submodular Framework for Structured-Sparse Optimal Transportcited by 4
  16. 2023Analyzing the Effectiveness of the Underlying Reasoning Tasks in Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 2
  17. 2023Improving Vietnamese Legal Question--Answering System based on Automatic Data Enrichmentcited by 2
  18. 2023Question Answering with Deep Neural Networks for Semi-Structured Heterogeneous Genealogical Knowledge Graphscited by 2
  19. 2022Semantic Sentence Composition Reasoning for Multi-Hop Question Answeringcited by 1
  20. 2022Investigating Information Inconsistency in Multilingual Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 1
  21. 2021Building a Question Answering System for the Manufacturing Domaincited by 0
  22. 2026When Specifications Conflict: A Symmetry-Based Framework for Measuring LLM Preferencescited by 0