TensorNetwork for Machine Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
We demonstrate the use of tensor networks for image classification with the TensorNetwork open source library. We explain in detail the encoding of image data into a matrix product state form, and describe how to contract the network in a way that is parallelizable and well-suited to automatic gradients for optimization. Applying the technique to the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets we find out-of-the-box performance of 98% and 88% accuracy, respectively, using the same tensor network architecture. The TensorNetwork library allows us to seamlessly move from CPU to GPU hardware, and we see a factor of more than 10 improvement in computational speed using a GPU.
Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 Jun 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 6; 2023: 5; 2024: 4; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
29 papers.
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- 2021Variational Quantum Reinforcement Learning via Evolutionary Optimizationcited by 50
- 2021An end-to-end trainable hybrid classical-quantum classifiercited by 49
- 2022Grokking phase transitions in learning local rules with gradient descentcited by 28
- 2023Machine learning with tree tensor networks, CP rank constraints, and tensor dropoutcited by 14
- 2023Quantum-Inspired Machine Learning: a Surveycited by 11
- 2021Quantum Tensor Network in Machine Learning: An Application to Tiny Object Classificationcited by 9
- 2021Quantum-inspired event reconstruction with Tensor Networks: Matrix Product Statescited by 9
- 2022Classical versus Quantum: comparing Tensor Network-based Quantum Circuits on LHC datacited by 7
- 2023Quantized Fourier and Polynomial Features for more Expressive Tensor Network Modelscited by 6
- 2024A Matrix Product State Model for Simultaneous Classification and Generationcited by 5
- 2021Entangled q-Convolutional Neural Netscited by 4
- 2021Tensor network to learn the wavefunction of datacited by 4
17 more
- 2022Interaction Decompositions for Tensor Network Regressioncited by 4
- 2024Ultra-low latency quantum-inspired machine learning predictors implemented on FPGAcited by 4
- 2021Segmenting two-dimensional structures with strided tensor networkscited by 3
- 2021Residual Tensor Train: A Quantum-inspired Approach for Learning Multiple Multilinear Correlationscited by 3
- 2022Classical Simulation of Variational Quantum Classifiers using Tensor Ringscited by 3
- 2021Non-parametric Semi-Supervised Learning in Many-body Hilbert Space with Rescaled Logarithmic Fidelitycited by 2
- 2021Patch-based Medical Image Segmentation using Matrix Product State Tensor Networkscited by 2
- 2021Differentiable Programming of Isometric Tensor Networkscited by 2
- 2022Deep tensor networks with matrix product operatorscited by 2
- 2021Representation Theorem for Matrix Product Statescited by 1
- 2023The cross-sectional stock return predictions via quantum neural network and tensor networkcited by 1
- 2021Tensor Network for Supervised Learning at Finite Temperaturecited by 0
- 2022Stack operation of tensor networkscited by 0
- 2023Noisy Tensor Ring approximation for computing gradients of Variational Quantum Eigensolver for Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 0
- 2024A Tensor Network Implementation of Multi Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2024No-Free-Lunch Theories for Tensor-Network Machine Learning Modelscited by 0
- 2026(MPO)2: Multivariate Polynomial Optimization based on Matrix Product Operatorscited by 0
- 2026(MPO)2: Multivariate Polynomial Optimization based on Matrix Product Operators17 Jul 2026
- 2024No-Free-Lunch Theories for Tensor-Network Machine Learning Models7 Dec 2024
- 2024Ultra-low latency quantum-inspired machine learning predictors implemented on FPGA24 Sep 2024
- 2024A Matrix Product State Model for Simultaneous Classification and Generation25 Jun 2024
- 2024A Tensor Network Implementation of Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning8 Jan 2024
- 2023Quantized Fourier and Polynomial Features for more Expressive Tensor Network Models11 Sep 2023
- 2023Quantum-Inspired Machine Learning: a Survey22 Aug 2023
- 2023Noisy Tensor Ring approximation for computing gradients of Variational Quantum Eigensolver for Combinatorial Optimization8 Jul 2023
- 2023Machine learning with tree tensor networks, CP rank constraints, and tensor dropout30 May 2023
- 2023The cross-sectional stock return predictions via quantum neural network and tensor network25 Apr 2023
- 2022Grokking phase transitions in learning local rules with gradient descent26 Oct 2022
- 2022Deep tensor networks with matrix product operators16 Sep 2022
17 more
- 2022Interaction Decompositions for Tensor Network Regression11 Aug 2022
- 2022Stack operation of tensor networks28 Mar 2022
- 2022Classical versus Quantum: comparing Tensor Network-based Quantum Circuits on LHC data21 Feb 2022
- 2022Classical Simulation of Variational Quantum Classifiers using Tensor Rings21 Jan 2022
- 2021Tensor network to learn the wavefunction of data15 Nov 2021
- 2021Differentiable Programming of Isometric Tensor Networks8 Oct 2021
- 2021Patch-based Medical Image Segmentation using Matrix Product State Tensor Networks15 Sep 2021
- 2021Variational Quantum Reinforcement Learning via Evolutionary Optimization1 Sep 2021
- 2021Residual Tensor Train: A Quantum-inspired Approach for Learning Multiple Multilinear Correlations19 Aug 2021
- 2021Non-parametric Semi-Supervised Learning in Many-body Hilbert Space with Rescaled Logarithmic Fidelity1 Jul 2021
- 2021Quantum-inspired event reconstruction with Tensor Networks: Matrix Product States15 Jun 2021
- 2021Tensor Network for Supervised Learning at Finite Temperature9 Apr 2021
- 2021Representation Theorem for Matrix Product States15 Mar 2021
- 2021Entangled q-Convolutional Neural Nets6 Mar 2021
- 2021Segmenting two-dimensional structures with strided tensor networks13 Feb 2021
- 2021An end-to-end trainable hybrid classical-quantum classifier4 Feb 2021
- 2021Quantum Tensor Network in Machine Learning: An Application to Tiny Object Classification8 Jan 2021
- 2021Variational Quantum Reinforcement Learning via Evolutionary Optimizationcited by 50
- 2021An end-to-end trainable hybrid classical-quantum classifiercited by 49
- 2022Grokking phase transitions in learning local rules with gradient descentcited by 28
- 2023Machine learning with tree tensor networks, CP rank constraints, and tensor dropoutcited by 14
- 2023Quantum-Inspired Machine Learning: a Surveycited by 11
- 2021Quantum Tensor Network in Machine Learning: An Application to Tiny Object Classificationcited by 9
- 2021Quantum-inspired event reconstruction with Tensor Networks: Matrix Product Statescited by 9
- 2022Classical versus Quantum: comparing Tensor Network-based Quantum Circuits on LHC datacited by 7
- 2023Quantized Fourier and Polynomial Features for more Expressive Tensor Network Modelscited by 6
- 2024A Matrix Product State Model for Simultaneous Classification and Generationcited by 5
- 2021Entangled q-Convolutional Neural Netscited by 4
- 2021Tensor network to learn the wavefunction of datacited by 4
12 most cited of 29 All 29 (JSON)
- 2026(MPO)2: Multivariate Polynomial Optimization based on Matrix Product Operators17 Jul 2026
- 2024No-Free-Lunch Theories for Tensor-Network Machine Learning Models7 Dec 2024
- 2024Ultra-low latency quantum-inspired machine learning predictors implemented on FPGA24 Sep 2024
- 2024A Matrix Product State Model for Simultaneous Classification and Generation25 Jun 2024
- 2024A Tensor Network Implementation of Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning8 Jan 2024
- 2023Quantized Fourier and Polynomial Features for more Expressive Tensor Network Models11 Sep 2023
- 2023Quantum-Inspired Machine Learning: a Survey22 Aug 2023
- 2023Noisy Tensor Ring approximation for computing gradients of Variational Quantum Eigensolver for Combinatorial Optimization8 Jul 2023
- 2023Machine learning with tree tensor networks, CP rank constraints, and tensor dropout30 May 2023
- 2023The cross-sectional stock return predictions via quantum neural network and tensor network25 Apr 2023
- 2022Grokking phase transitions in learning local rules with gradient descent26 Oct 2022
- 2022Deep tensor networks with matrix product operators16 Sep 2022
12 newest of 29 All 29 (JSON)