mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Neural Arabic Question Answering

arXiv 1906.05394 ↗First posted 12 Jun 2019cs.CL cs.LGcited by 48

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper tackles the problem of open domain factual Arabic question answering (QA) using Wikipedia as our knowledge source. This constrains the answer of any question to be a span of text in Wikipedia. Open domain QA for Arabic entails three challenges: annotated QA datasets in Arabic, large scale efficient information retrieval and machine reading comprehension. To deal with the lack of Arabic QA datasets we present the Arabic Reading Comprehension Dataset (ARCD) composed of 1,395 questions posed by crowdworkers on Wikipedia articles, and a machine translation of the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (Arabic-SQuAD). Our system for open domain question answering in Arabic (SOQAL) is based on two components: (1) a document retriever using a hierarchical TF-IDF approach and (2) a neural reading comprehension model using the pre-trained bi-directional transformer BERT. Our experiments on ARCD indicate the effectiveness of our approach with our BERT-based reader achieving a 61.3 F1 score, and our open domain system SOQAL achieving a 27.6 F1 score.

Key facts. Cited by 48 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Jun 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 7; 2023: 6; 2024: 14; 2025: 10; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2023The Belebele Benchmark: a Parallel Reading Comprehension Dataset in 122 Language Variantscited by 311
  2. 2021QA Dataset Explosion: A Taxonomy of NLP Resources for Question Answering and Reading Comprehensioncited by 91
  3. 2024ArabicMMLU: Assessing Massive Multitask Language Understanding in Arabiccited by 88
  4. 2021AraT5: Text-to-Text Transformers for Arabic Language Generationcited by 63
  5. 2022ORCA: A Challenging Benchmark for Arabic Language Understandingcited by 47
  6. 2024AraDiCE: Benchmarks for Dialectal and Cultural Capabilities in LLMscited by 46
  7. 2025Enhancing Multilingual LLM Pretraining with Model-Based Data Selectioncited by 35
  8. 2024CaLMQA: Exploring culturally specific long-form question answering across 23 languagescited by 31
  9. 2021ZEN 2.0: Continue Training and Adaption for N-gram Enhanced Text Encoderscited by 22
  10. 2023Dolphin: A Challenging and Diverse Benchmark for Arabic NLGcited by 22
  11. 2024ArabicaQA: A Comprehensive Dataset for Arabic Question Answeringcited by 20
  12. 2023LAraBench: Benchmarking Arabic AI with Large Language Modelscited by 16
36 more
  1. 2025Command R7B Arabic: A Small, Enterprise Focused, Multilingual, and Culturally Aware Arabic LLMcited by 16
  2. 2025Fann or Flop: A Multigenre, Multiera Benchmark for Arabic Poetry Understanding in LLMscited by 16
  3. 2022PQuAD: A Persian Question Answering Datasetcited by 14
  4. 2021ParaShoot: A Hebrew Question Answering Datasetcited by 12
  5. 2025Evaluating Arabic Large Language Models: A Survey of Benchmarks, Methods, and Gapscited by 9
  6. 2022On the Usability of Transformers-based models for a French Question-Answering taskcited by 8
  7. 2024UQA: Corpus for Urdu Question Answeringcited by 8
  8. 2021Are Multilingual BERT models robust? A Case Study on Adversarial Attacks for Multilingual Question Answeringcited by 6
  9. 2021UQuAD1.0: Development of an Urdu Question Answering Training Data for Machine Reading Comprehensioncited by 6
  10. 2023Octopus: A Multitask Model and Toolkit for Arabic Natural Language Generationcited by 6
  11. 2021A Multilingual African Embedding for FAQ Chatbotscited by 5
  12. 2021A Survey on non-English Question Answering Datasetcited by 5
  13. 2022DTW at Qur'an QA 2022: Utilising Transfer Learning with Transformers for Question Answering in a Low-resource Domaincited by 4
  14. 2024Exploring Retrieval Augmented Generation in Arabiccited by 4
  15. 2025ALoFTRAG: Automatic Local Fine Tuning for Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 3
  16. 2025Optimizing RAG Pipelines for Arabic: A Systematic Analysis of Core Componentscited by 3
  17. 2022TCE at Qur'an QA 2022: Arabic Language Question Answering Over Holy Qur'an Using a Post-Processed Ensemble of BERT-based Modelscited by 2
  18. 2024GemmAr: Enhancing LLMs Through Arabic Instruction-Tuningcited by 2
  19. 2025Two-Stage Quranic QA via Ensemble Retrieval and Instruction-Tuned Answer Extractioncited by 2
  20. 2021TunBERT: Pretrained Contextualized Text Representation for Tunisian Dialectcited by 1
  21. 2022COOL, a Context Outlooker, and its Application to Question Answering and other Natural Language Processing Taskscited by 1
  22. 2023AmQA: Amharic Question Answering Datasetcited by 1
  23. 2024Computational Approaches to Arabic-English Code-Switchingcited by 1
  24. 2025Finnish SQuAD: A Simple Approach to Machine Translation of Span Annotationscited by 1
  25. 2025Enhanced Arabic Text Retrieval with Attentive Relevance Scoringcited by 1
  26. 2025Can LLMs Write Faithfully? An Agent-Based Evaluation of LLM-generated Islamic Contentcited by 1
  27. 2021Pre-trained Transformer-Based Approach for Arabic Question Answering : A Comparative Studycited by 0
  28. 2022A Large and Diverse Arabic Corpus for Language Modelingcited by 0
  29. 2023Unveiling the frontiers of deep learning: innovations shaping diverse domainscited by 0
  30. 2024Building Efficient and Effective OpenQA Systems for Low-Resource Languagescited by 0
  31. 2024Synthetic Dataset Creation and Fine-Tuning of Transformer Models for Question Answering in Serbiancited by 0
  32. 2024EuSQuAD: Automatically Translated and Aligned SQuAD2.0 for Basquecited by 0
  33. 2024Translation of Multifaceted Data without Re-Training of Machine Translation Systemscited by 0
  34. 2024PersianRAG: A Retrieval-Augmented Generation System for Persian Languagecited by 0
  35. 2024Building a Rich Dataset to Empower the Persian Question Answering Systemscited by 0
  36. 2026AraSSM: A bidirectional state-space encoder for Arabic masked language modelingcited by 0