Malware Detection with LSTM using Opcode Language
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Abstract (arXiv)
Nowadays, with the booming development of Internet and software industry, more and more malware variants are designed to perform various malicious activities. Traditional signature-based detection methods can not detect variants of malware. In addition, most behavior-based methods require a secure and isolated environment to perform malware detection, which is vulnerable to be contaminated. In this paper, similar to natural language processing, we propose a novel and efficient approach to perform static malware analysis, which can automatically learn the opcode sequence patterns of malware. We propose modeling malware as a language and assess the feasibility of this approach. First, We use the disassembly tool IDA Pro to obtain opcode sequence of malware. Then the word embedding technique is used to learn the feature vector representation of opcode. Finally, we propose a two-stage LSTM model for malware detection, which use two LSTM layers and one mean-pooling layer to obtain the feature representations of opcode sequences of malwares. We perform experiments on the dataset that includes 969 malware and 123 benign files. In terms of malware detection and malware classification, the evaluation results show our proposed method can achieve average AUC of 0.99 and average AUC of 0.987 in best case, respectively.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Jun 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 0; 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2021Malware Classification Using Long Short-Term Memory Modelscited by 7
- 2023A Natural Language Processing Approach to Malware Classificationcited by 4
- 2021LSTM Hyper-Parameter Selection for Malware Detection: Interaction Effects and Hierarchical Selection Approachcited by 1
- 2026MATA: Multi-Agent Framework for Reliable and Flexible Table Question Answeringcited by 1
- 2021Malicious Code Detection: Run Trace Output Analysis by LSTMcited by 0
- 2024Malware Classification using a Hybrid Hidden Markov Model-Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 0
- 2026MATA: Multi-Agent Framework for Reliable and Flexible Table Question Answering10 Feb 2026
- 2024Malware Classification using a Hybrid Hidden Markov Model-Convolutional Neural Network25 Dec 2024
- 2023A Natural Language Processing Approach to Malware Classification7 Jul 2023
- 2021LSTM Hyper-Parameter Selection for Malware Detection: Interaction Effects and Hierarchical Selection Approach23 Sep 2021
- 2021Malware Classification Using Long Short-Term Memory Models3 Mar 2021
- 2021Malicious Code Detection: Run Trace Output Analysis by LSTM14 Jan 2021