mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

A Scalable Handwritten Text Recognition System

arXiv 1904.09150 ↗First posted 19 Apr 2019cs.CVcited by 25

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Abstract (arXiv)

Many studies on (Offline) Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) systems have focused on building state-of-the-art models for line recognition on small corpora. However, adding HTR capability to a large scale multilingual OCR system poses new challenges. This paper addresses three problems in building such systems: data, efficiency, and integration. Firstly, one of the biggest challenges is obtaining sufficient amounts of high quality training data. We address the problem by using online handwriting data collected for a large scale production online handwriting recognition system. We describe our image data generation pipeline and study how online data can be used to build HTR models. We show that the data improve the models significantly under the condition where only a small number of real images is available, which is usually the case for HTR models. It enables us to support a new script at substantially lower cost. Secondly, we propose a line recognition model based on neural networks without recurrent connections. The model achieves a comparable accuracy with LSTM-based models while allowing for better parallelism in training and inference. Finally, we present a simple way to integrate HTR models into an OCR system. These constitute a solution to bring HTR capability into a large scale OCR system.

Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 19 Apr 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 11; 2022: 6; 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2021TrOCR: Transformer-based Optical Character Recognition with Pre-trained Modelscited by 279
  2. 2021Rethinking Text Line Recognition Modelscited by 45
  3. 2021Lexically Aware Semi-Supervised Learning for OCR Post-Correctioncited by 12
  4. 2025Handwritten Text Recognition: A Surveycited by 12
  5. 2021KOHTD: Kazakh Offline Handwritten Text Datasetcited by 10
  6. 2024On the Generalization of Handwritten Text Recognition Modelscited by 10
  7. 2022Unified Line and Paragraph Detection by Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 7
  8. 2022Auxiliary Cross-Modal Representation Learning with Triplet Loss Functions for Online Handwriting Recognitioncited by 6
  9. 2022Easter2.0: Improving convolutional models for handwritten text recognitioncited by 6
  10. 2022OCR Improves Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languagescited by 5
  11. 2023Weakly supervised information extraction from inscrutable handwritten document imagescited by 4
  12. 2021Lacuna Reconstruction: Self-supervised Pre-training for Low-Resource Historical Document Transcriptioncited by 3
13 more
  1. 2023Is it an i or an l: Test-time Adaptation of Text Line Recognition Modelscited by 3
  2. 2021Recurrent neural network transducer for Japanese and Chinese offline handwritten text recognitioncited by 2
  3. 2021StackMix and Blot Augmentations for Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 2
  4. 2023Deep Aramaic: Towards a Synthetic Data Paradigm Enabling Machine Learning in Epigraphycited by 2
  5. 2021A Transformer-based Math Language Model for Handwritten Math Expression Recognitioncited by 1
  6. 2021Handwritten text generation and strikethrough characters augmentationcited by 1
  7. 2022HWRCNet: Handwritten Word Recognition in JPEG Compressed Domain using CNN-BiLSTM Networkcited by 1
  8. 2026CONSTANT: Towards High-Quality One-Shot Handwriting Generation with Patch Contrastive Enhancement and Style-Aware Quantizationcited by 1
  9. 2021Motion-Based Handwriting Recognition and Word Reconstructioncited by 0
  10. 2021Adaptive Shrink-Mask for Text Detectioncited by 0
  11. 2022Towards Robust Handwritten Text Recognition with On-the-fly User Participationcited by 0
  12. 2023An end-to-end, interactive Deep Learning based Annotation system for cursive and print English handwritten textcited by 0
  13. 2024Align, Minimize and Diversify: A Source-Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Method for Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 0