Equi-normalization of Neural Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Modern neural networks are over-parametrized. In particular, each rectified linear hidden unit can be modified by a multiplicative factor by adjusting input and output weights, without changing the rest of the network. Inspired by the Sinkhorn-Knopp algorithm, we introduce a fast iterative method for minimizing the L2 norm of the weights, equivalently the weight decay regularizer. It provably converges to a unique solution. Interleaving our algorithm with SGD during training improves the test accuracy. For small batches, our approach offers an alternative to batch-and group-normalization on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet with a ResNet-18.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 Feb 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
16 papers.
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- 2025Symmetry in Neural Network Parameter Spacescited by 31
- 2024Scale Equivariant Graph Metanetworkscited by 23
- 2021An Embedding of ReLU Networks and an Analysis of their Identifiabilitycited by 20
- 2025Transformative or Conservative? Conservation laws for ResNets and Transformerscited by 7
- 2022REx: Data-Free Residual Quantization Error Expansioncited by 6
- 2026Path-conditioned training: a principled way to rescale ReLU neural networkscited by 6
- 2023Exploring the Complexity of Deep Neural Networks through Functional Equivalencecited by 4
- 2022PathProx: A Proximal Gradient Algorithm for Weight Decay Regularized Deep Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2024Efficient Algorithms for Regularized Nonnegative Scale-invariant Low-rank Approximation Modelscited by 2
- 2025Improving Learning to Optimize Using Parameter Symmetriescited by 2
- 2025Non-Vacuous Generalization Bounds: Can Rescaling Invariances Help?cited by 1
- 2026Conservation Laws for Modern Neural Architecturescited by 1
4 more
- 2023PIPE : Parallelized Inference Through Post-Training Quantization Ensembling of Residual Expansionscited by 0
- 2026Neural Network Optimization Reimagined: Decoupled Techniques for Scratch and Fine-Tuningcited by 0
- 2026Dense Structural Compression of Transformers via Gauge-Correct Channel Removalcited by 0
- 2026Stability-Constrained Approximation in Spline KANs: Exact Layer Balancing and Budget-Compatible Saturationcited by 0
- 2026Stability-Constrained Approximation in Spline KANs: Exact Layer Balancing and Budget-Compatible Saturation14 Sep 2026
- 2026Dense Structural Compression of Transformers via Gauge-Correct Channel Removal7 Sep 2026
- 2026Conservation Laws for Modern Neural Architectures16 Jun 2026
- 2026Neural Network Optimization Reimagined: Decoupled Techniques for Scratch and Fine-Tuning21 Apr 2026
- 2026Path-conditioned training: a principled way to rescale ReLU neural networks23 Feb 2026
- 2025Non-Vacuous Generalization Bounds: Can Rescaling Invariances Help?30 Sep 2025
- 2025Symmetry in Neural Network Parameter Spaces16 Jun 2025
- 2025Transformative or Conservative? Conservation laws for ResNets and Transformers6 Jun 2025
- 2025Improving Learning to Optimize Using Parameter Symmetries21 Apr 2025
- 2024Scale Equivariant Graph Metanetworks15 Jun 2024
- 2024Efficient Algorithms for Regularized Nonnegative Scale-invariant Low-rank Approximation Models27 Mar 2024
- 2023PIPE : Parallelized Inference Through Post-Training Quantization Ensembling of Residual Expansions27 Nov 2023
4 more
- 2023Exploring the Complexity of Deep Neural Networks through Functional Equivalence19 May 2023
- 2022PathProx: A Proximal Gradient Algorithm for Weight Decay Regularized Deep Neural Networks6 Oct 2022
- 2022REx: Data-Free Residual Quantization Error Expansion28 Mar 2022
- 2021An Embedding of ReLU Networks and an Analysis of their Identifiability20 Jul 2021
- 2025Symmetry in Neural Network Parameter Spacescited by 31
- 2024Scale Equivariant Graph Metanetworkscited by 23
- 2021An Embedding of ReLU Networks and an Analysis of their Identifiabilitycited by 20
- 2025Transformative or Conservative? Conservation laws for ResNets and Transformerscited by 7
- 2022REx: Data-Free Residual Quantization Error Expansioncited by 6
- 2026Path-conditioned training: a principled way to rescale ReLU neural networkscited by 6
- 2023Exploring the Complexity of Deep Neural Networks through Functional Equivalencecited by 4
- 2022PathProx: A Proximal Gradient Algorithm for Weight Decay Regularized Deep Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2024Efficient Algorithms for Regularized Nonnegative Scale-invariant Low-rank Approximation Modelscited by 2
- 2025Improving Learning to Optimize Using Parameter Symmetriescited by 2
- 2025Non-Vacuous Generalization Bounds: Can Rescaling Invariances Help?cited by 1
- 2026Conservation Laws for Modern Neural Architecturescited by 1
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026Stability-Constrained Approximation in Spline KANs: Exact Layer Balancing and Budget-Compatible Saturation14 Sep 2026
- 2026Dense Structural Compression of Transformers via Gauge-Correct Channel Removal7 Sep 2026
- 2026Conservation Laws for Modern Neural Architectures16 Jun 2026
- 2026Neural Network Optimization Reimagined: Decoupled Techniques for Scratch and Fine-Tuning21 Apr 2026
- 2026Path-conditioned training: a principled way to rescale ReLU neural networks23 Feb 2026
- 2025Non-Vacuous Generalization Bounds: Can Rescaling Invariances Help?30 Sep 2025
- 2025Symmetry in Neural Network Parameter Spaces16 Jun 2025
- 2025Transformative or Conservative? Conservation laws for ResNets and Transformers6 Jun 2025
- 2025Improving Learning to Optimize Using Parameter Symmetries21 Apr 2025
- 2024Scale Equivariant Graph Metanetworks15 Jun 2024
- 2024Efficient Algorithms for Regularized Nonnegative Scale-invariant Low-rank Approximation Models27 Mar 2024
- 2023PIPE : Parallelized Inference Through Post-Training Quantization Ensembling of Residual Expansions27 Nov 2023
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)