Beholder-GAN: Generation and Beautification of Facial Images with Conditioning on Their Beauty Level
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Abstract (arXiv)
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. This maxim, emphasizing the subjectivity of the perception of beauty, has enjoyed a wide consensus since ancient times. In the digitalera, data-driven methods have been shown to be able to predict human-assigned beauty scores for facial images. In this work, we augment this ability and train a generative model that generates faces conditioned on a requested beauty score. In addition, we show how this trained generator can be used to beautify an input face image. By doing so, we achieve an unsupervised beautification model, in the sense that it relies on no ground truth target images.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 Feb 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 2.
6 papers.
- 2024Evaluating Text-to-Image Generative Models: An Empirical Study on Human Image Synthesiscited by 7
- 2025Diffusion-based Facial Aesthetics Enhancement with 3D Structure Guidancecited by 4
- 2022Attribute Controllable Beautiful Caucasian Face Generation by Aesthetics Driven Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2022Face Morphing: Fooling a Face Recognition System Is Simple!cited by 0
- 2023Subjective Face Transform using Human First Impressionscited by 0
- 2025Detection of Digital Facial Retouching utilizing Face Beauty Informationcited by 0
- 2025Detection of Digital Facial Retouching utilizing Face Beauty Information9 Dec 2025
- 2025Diffusion-based Facial Aesthetics Enhancement with 3D Structure Guidance18 Mar 2025
- 2024Evaluating Text-to-Image Generative Models: An Empirical Study on Human Image Synthesis8 Mar 2024
- 2023Subjective Face Transform using Human First Impressions27 Sep 2023
- 2022Attribute Controllable Beautiful Caucasian Face Generation by Aesthetics Driven Reinforcement Learning9 Aug 2022
- 2022Face Morphing: Fooling a Face Recognition System Is Simple!27 May 2022