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Hate Speech Detection from Code-mixed Hindi-English Tweets Using Deep Learning Models

arXiv 1811.05145 ↗First posted 13 Nov 2018cs.CLcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper reports an increment to the state-of-the-art in hate speech detection for English-Hindi code-mixed tweets. We compare three typical deep learning models using domain-specific embeddings. On experimenting with a benchmark dataset of English-Hindi code-mixed tweets, we observe that using domain-specific embeddings results in an improved representation of target groups, and an improved F-score.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 Nov 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

16 papers.

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  1. 2022L3Cube-HingCorpus and HingBERT: A Code Mixed Hindi-English Dataset and BERT Language Modelscited by 33
  2. 2021A systematic review of Hate Speech automatic detection using Natural Language Processingcited by 26
  3. 2021Hate and Offensive Speech Detection in Hindi and Marathicited by 17
  4. 2023Indian-BhED: A Dataset for Measuring India-Centric Biases in Large Language Modelscited by 17
  5. 2024Advancing Content Moderation: Evaluating Large Language Models for Detecting Sensitive Content Across Text, Images, and Videoscited by 10
  6. 2021Cross-lingual hate speech detection based on multilingual domain-specific word embeddingscited by 4
  7. 2021Challenges and Considerations with Code-Mixed NLP for Multilingual Societiescited by 4
  8. 2021Ceasing hate withMoH: Hate Speech Detection in Hindi-English Code-Switched Languagecited by 3
  9. 2021Leveraging Transformers for Hate Speech Detection in Conversational Code-Mixed Tweetscited by 3
  10. 2023Comparative Study of Pre-Trained BERT Models for Code-Mixed Hindi-English Datacited by 3
  11. 2024Explain Thyself Bully: Sentiment Aided Cyberbullying Detection with Explanationcited by 3
  12. 2026IndicSafe: A Benchmark for Evaluating Multilingual LLM Safety in South Asiacited by 3
4 more
  1. 2021IIITG-ADBU@HASOC-Dravidian-CodeMix-FIRE2020: Offensive Content Detection in Code-Mixed Dravidian Textcited by 2
  2. 2022SexWEs: Domain-Aware Word Embeddings via Cross-lingual Semantic Specialisation for Chinese Sexism Detection in Social Mediacited by 2
  3. 2025EdgeAIGuard: Agentic LLMs for Minor Protection in Digital Spacescited by 0
  4. 2025Cyberbullying Detection in Hinglish Text Using MURIL and Explainable AIcited by 0