Structured Neural Summarization
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Abstract (arXiv)
Summarization of long sequences into a concise statement is a core problem in natural language processing, requiring non-trivial understanding of the input. Based on the promising results of graph neural networks on highly structured data, we develop a framework to extend existing sequence encoders with a graph component that can reason about long-distance relationships in weakly structured data such as text. In an extensive evaluation, we show that the resulting hybrid sequence-graph models outperform both pure sequence models as well as pure graph models on a range of summarization tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 54 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 5 Nov 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2020: 1; 2021: 20; 2022: 15; 2023: 12; 2024: 3; 2025: 3.
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- 2021CodeXGLUE: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset for Code Understanding and Generationcited by 743
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Code Summarization via Hybrid GNNcited by 89
- 2021Language-Agnostic Representation Learning of Source Code from Structure and Contextcited by 63
- 2023Stealthy Backdoor Attack for Code Modelscited by 49
- 2021On the Evaluation of Neural Code Summarizationcited by 48
- 2021Structure-Aware Abstractive Conversation Summarization via Discourse and Action Graphscited by 36
- 2021Reconstructive Sequence-Graph Network for Video Summarizationcited by 34
- 2021Code Structure Guided Transformer for Source Code Summarizationcited by 30
- 2023Deep Learning for Code Intelligence: Survey, Benchmark and Toolkitcited by 22
- 2021BASS: Boosting Abstractive Summarization with Unified Semantic Graphcited by 21
- 2021VELVET: a noVel Ensemble Learning approach to automatically locate VulnErable sTatementscited by 20
- 2021Improving Code Summarization with Block-wise Abstract Syntax Tree Splittingcited by 19
38 more
- 2022An Extractive-and-Abstractive Framework for Source Code Summarizationcited by 18
- 2021GraphSearchNet: Enhancing GNNs via Capturing Global Dependencies for Semantic Code Searchcited by 15
- 2023Gaussian Processes on Cellular Complexescited by 15
- 2021Enhancing Scientific Papers Summarization with Citation Graphcited by 14
- 2022HEAT: Hyperedge Attention Networkscited by 13
- 2021Impact of Evaluation Methodologies on Code Summarizationcited by 11
- 2022Leveraging Locality in Abstractive Text Summarizationcited by 9
- 2022HierarchyNet: Learning to Summarize Source Code with Heterogeneous Representationscited by 9
- 2023Exploiting Code Symmetries for Learning Program Semanticscited by 9
- 2024RACONTEUR: A Knowledgeable, Insightful, and Portable LLM-Powered Shell Command Explainercited by 9
- 2022Learning Program Semantics with Code Representations: An Empirical Studycited by 6
- 2022MetaTPTrans: A Meta Learning Approach for Multilingual Code Representation Learningcited by 6
- 2022Learning Program Representations with a Tree-Structured Transformercited by 6
- 2024Generative Subgraph Retrieval for Knowledge Graph-Grounded Dialog Generationcited by 6
- 2021Learning to Generate Code Comments from Class Hierarchiescited by 5
- 2021XFL: Naming Functions in Binaries with Extreme Multi-label Learningcited by 5
- 2021Learning to Describe Solutions for Bug Reports Based on Developer Discussionscited by 5
- 2022TEP-GNN: Accurate Execution Time Prediction of Functional Tests using Graph Neural Networkscited by 5
- 2021PSIMiner: A Tool for Mining Rich Abstract Syntax Trees from Codecited by 4
- 2022Graph Neural Networks for Multiparallel Word Alignmentcited by 4
- 2022A Survey of Deep Learning Models for Structural Code Understandingcited by 4
- 2022Descartes: Generating Short Descriptions of Wikipedia Articlescited by 4
- 2022Evaluation of Contrastive Learning with Various Code Representations for Code Clone Detectioncited by 3
- 2022Assessing Project-Level Fine-Tuning of ML4SE Modelscited by 2
- 2023APIContext2Com: Code Comment Generation by Incorporating Pre-Defined API Documentationcited by 2
- 2023Surveying the Landscape of Text Summarization with Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 2
- 2024Genetic Auto-prompt Learning for Pre-trained Code Intelligence Language Modelscited by 2
- 2021WheaCha: A Method for Explaining the Predictions of Models of Codecited by 1
- 2021Dependency Structure for News Document Summarizationcited by 1
- 2021Energy-bounded Learning for Robust Models of Codecited by 1
- 2022Evaluating the Impact of Source Code Parsers on ML4SE Modelscited by 1
- 2023An entity-guided text summarization framework with relational heterogeneous graph neural networkcited by 1
- 2023Implant Global and Local Hierarchy Information to Sequence based Code Representation Modelscited by 1
- 2025Bringing Structure to Naturalness: On the Naturalness of ASTscited by 1
- 2025Call Me Maybe: Enhancing JavaScript Call Graph Construction using Graph Neural Networkscited by 1
- 2021Augmented Abstractive Summarization With Document-LevelSemantic Graphcited by 0
- 2022Compositionality-Aware Graph2Seq Learningcited by 0
- 2023Serenity: Library Based Python Code Analysis for Code Completion and Automated Machine Learningcited by 0
50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 2025Do We Really Need GNNs with Explicit Structural Modeling? MLPs Suffice for Language Model Representations26 Jun 2025
- 2025Call Me Maybe: Enhancing JavaScript Call Graph Construction using Graph Neural Networks22 Jun 2025
- 2025Bringing Structure to Naturalness: On the Naturalness of ASTs11 Apr 2025
- 2024Generative Subgraph Retrieval for Knowledge Graph-Grounded Dialog Generation12 Oct 2024
- 2024RACONTEUR: A Knowledgeable, Insightful, and Portable LLM-Powered Shell Command Explainer3 Sep 2024
- 2024Genetic Auto-prompt Learning for Pre-trained Code Intelligence Language Models20 Mar 2024
- 2023Deep Learning for Code Intelligence: Survey, Benchmark and Toolkit30 Dec 2023
- 2023Gaussian Processes on Cellular Complexes2 Nov 2023
- 2023Surveying the Landscape of Text Summarization with Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Review13 Oct 2023
- 2023Model of models -- Part 18 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploiting Code Symmetries for Learning Program Semantics7 Aug 2023
- 2023Implant Global and Local Hierarchy Information to Sequence based Code Representation Models14 Mar 2023
38 more
- 2023Judging Adam: Studying the Performance of Optimization Methods on ML4SE Tasks6 Mar 2023
- 2023Demystifying What Code Summarization Models Learned4 Mar 2023
- 2023APIContext2Com: Code Comment Generation by Incorporating Pre-Defined API Documentation3 Mar 2023
- 2023An entity-guided text summarization framework with relational heterogeneous graph neural network7 Feb 2023
- 2023Stealthy Backdoor Attack for Code Models6 Jan 2023
- 2023Serenity: Library Based Python Code Analysis for Code Completion and Automated Machine Learning5 Jan 2023
- 2022TEP-GNN: Accurate Execution Time Prediction of Functional Tests using Graph Neural Networks25 Aug 2022
- 2022Learning Program Representations with a Tree-Structured Transformer18 Aug 2022
- 2022Evaluation of Contrastive Learning with Various Code Representations for Code Clone Detection17 Jun 2022
- 2022Evaluating the Impact of Source Code Parsers on ML4SE Models17 Jun 2022
- 2022An Extractive-and-Abstractive Framework for Source Code Summarization15 Jun 2022
- 2022MetaTPTrans: A Meta Learning Approach for Multilingual Code Representation Learning13 Jun 2022
- 2022Assessing Project-Level Fine-Tuning of ML4SE Models7 Jun 2022
- 2022HierarchyNet: Learning to Summarize Source Code with Heterogeneous Representations31 May 2022
- 2022Leveraging Locality in Abstractive Text Summarization25 May 2022
- 2022Descartes: Generating Short Descriptions of Wikipedia Articles20 May 2022
- 2022A Survey of Deep Learning Models for Structural Code Understanding3 May 2022
- 2022Learning Program Semantics with Code Representations: An Empirical Study22 Mar 2022
- 2022Graph Neural Networks for Multiparallel Word Alignment16 Mar 2022
- 2022Compositionality-Aware Graph2Seq Learning28 Jan 2022
- 2022HEAT: Hyperedge Attention Networks28 Jan 2022
- 2021Energy-bounded Learning for Robust Models of Code20 Dec 2021
- 2021VELVET: a noVel Ensemble Learning approach to automatically locate VulnErable sTatements20 Dec 2021
- 2021GraphSearchNet: Enhancing GNNs via Capturing Global Dependencies for Semantic Code Search4 Nov 2021
- 2021Learning to Describe Solutions for Bug Reports Based on Developer Discussions8 Oct 2021
- 2021Dependency Structure for News Document Summarization23 Sep 2021
- 2021Augmented Abstractive Summarization With Document-LevelSemantic Graph13 Sep 2021
- 2021Impact of Evaluation Methodologies on Code Summarization22 Aug 2021
- 2021XFL: Naming Functions in Binaries with Extreme Multi-label Learning28 Jul 2021
- 2021On the Evaluation of Neural Code Summarization15 Jul 2021
- 2021BASS: Boosting Abstractive Summarization with Unified Semantic Graph25 May 2021
- 2021Reconstructive Sequence-Graph Network for Video Summarization10 May 2021
- 2021Code Structure Guided Transformer for Source Code Summarization19 Apr 2021
- 2021Structure-Aware Abstractive Conversation Summarization via Discourse and Action Graphs16 Apr 2021
- 2021Enhancing Scientific Papers Summarization with Citation Graph7 Apr 2021
- 2021Learning to Generate Code Comments from Class Hierarchies24 Mar 2021
- 2021PSIMiner: A Tool for Mining Rich Abstract Syntax Trees from Code23 Mar 2021
- 2021Language-Agnostic Representation Learning of Source Code from Structure and Context21 Mar 2021
50 newest of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 2023Stealthy Backdoor Attack for Code Modelscited by 49
- 2023Stealthy Backdoor Attack for Code Models6 Jan 2023
- 2021CodeXGLUE: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset for Code Understanding and Generationcited by 743
- 2021Language-Agnostic Representation Learning of Source Code from Structure and Contextcited by 63
- 2021On the Evaluation of Neural Code Summarizationcited by 48
- 2021Structure-Aware Abstractive Conversation Summarization via Discourse and Action Graphscited by 36
- 2021Reconstructive Sequence-Graph Network for Video Summarizationcited by 34
- 2021Code Structure Guided Transformer for Source Code Summarizationcited by 30
- 2023Deep Learning for Code Intelligence: Survey, Benchmark and Toolkitcited by 22
- 2021BASS: Boosting Abstractive Summarization with Unified Semantic Graphcited by 21
- 2021VELVET: a noVel Ensemble Learning approach to automatically locate VulnErable sTatementscited by 20
- 2021Improving Code Summarization with Block-wise Abstract Syntax Tree Splittingcited by 19
- 2022An Extractive-and-Abstractive Framework for Source Code Summarizationcited by 18
- 2021GraphSearchNet: Enhancing GNNs via Capturing Global Dependencies for Semantic Code Searchcited by 15
12 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)
- 2025Do We Really Need GNNs with Explicit Structural Modeling? MLPs Suffice for Language Model Representations26 Jun 2025
- 2025Call Me Maybe: Enhancing JavaScript Call Graph Construction using Graph Neural Networks22 Jun 2025
- 2025Bringing Structure to Naturalness: On the Naturalness of ASTs11 Apr 2025
- 2024Generative Subgraph Retrieval for Knowledge Graph-Grounded Dialog Generation12 Oct 2024
- 2024RACONTEUR: A Knowledgeable, Insightful, and Portable LLM-Powered Shell Command Explainer3 Sep 2024
- 2024Genetic Auto-prompt Learning for Pre-trained Code Intelligence Language Models20 Mar 2024
- 2023Deep Learning for Code Intelligence: Survey, Benchmark and Toolkit30 Dec 2023
- 2023Gaussian Processes on Cellular Complexes2 Nov 2023
- 2023Surveying the Landscape of Text Summarization with Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Review13 Oct 2023
- 2023Model of models -- Part 18 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploiting Code Symmetries for Learning Program Semantics7 Aug 2023
- 2023Implant Global and Local Hierarchy Information to Sequence based Code Representation Models14 Mar 2023
12 newest of 52 All 52 (JSON)