IEST: WASSA-2018 Implicit Emotions Shared Task
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Abstract (arXiv)
Past shared tasks on emotions use data with both overt expressions of emotions (I am so happy to see you!) as well as subtle expressions where the emotions have to be inferred, for instance from event descriptions. Further, most datasets do not focus on the cause or the stimulus of the emotion. Here, for the first time, we propose a shared task where systems have to predict the emotions in a large automatically labeled dataset of tweets without access to words denoting emotions. Based on this intention, we call this the Implicit Emotion Shared Task (IEST) because the systems have to infer the emotion mostly from the context. Every tweet has an occurrence of an explicit emotion word that is masked. The tweets are collected in a manner such that they are likely to include a description of the cause of the emotion - the stimulus. Altogether, 30 teams submitted results which range from macro F1 scores of 21 % to 71 %. The baseline (MaxEnt bag of words and bigrams) obtains an F1 score of 60 % which was available to the participants during the development phase. A study with human annotators suggests that automatic methods outperform human predictions, possibly by honing into subtle textual clues not used by humans. Corpora, resources, and results are available at the shared task website at http://implicitemotions.wassa2018.com.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Sep 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
11 papers.
- 2022Dimensional Modeling of Emotions in Text with Appraisal Theories: Corpus Creation, Annotation Reliability, and Predictioncited by 45
- 2024Angry Men, Sad Women: Large Language Models Reflect Gendered Stereotypes in Emotion Attributioncited by 39
- 2024Emotion Analysis in NLP: Trends, Gaps and Roadmap for Future Directionscited by 26
- 2024Fearful Falcons and Angry Llamas: Emotion Category Annotations of Arguments by Humans and LLMscited by 11
- 2023Where are We in Event-centric Emotion Analysis? Bridging Emotion Role Labeling and Appraisal-based Approachescited by 7
- 2025Trust Me, I Can Convince You: The Contextualized Argument Appraisal Frameworkcited by 2
- 2022On the Complementarity of Images and Text for the Expression of Emotions in Social Mediacited by 1
- 2025UWB at WASSA-2024 Shared Task 2: Cross-lingual Emotion Detectioncited by 1
- 2022CEFER: A Four Facets Framework based on Context and Emotion embedded features for Implicit and Explicit Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Surfacing the Unsaid: CUE-Bench for Affective Stance in Chinese Discoursecited by 0
- 2026Chiaroscuro for Emotions: A Contrastive Emotion Benchmark Grounded in Appraisal Theorycited by 0
- 2026Chiaroscuro for Emotions: A Contrastive Emotion Benchmark Grounded in Appraisal Theory3 Sep 2026
- 2026Surfacing the Unsaid: CUE-Bench for Affective Stance in Chinese Discourse11 Aug 2026
- 2025Trust Me, I Can Convince You: The Contextualized Argument Appraisal Framework22 Sep 2025
- 2025UWB at WASSA-2024 Shared Task 2: Cross-lingual Emotion Detection12 Aug 2025
- 2024Fearful Falcons and Angry Llamas: Emotion Category Annotations of Arguments by Humans and LLMs20 Dec 2024
- 2024Angry Men, Sad Women: Large Language Models Reflect Gendered Stereotypes in Emotion Attribution5 Mar 2024
- 2024Emotion Analysis in NLP: Trends, Gaps and Roadmap for Future Directions2 Mar 2024
- 2023Where are We in Event-centric Emotion Analysis? Bridging Emotion Role Labeling and Appraisal-based Approaches5 Sep 2023
- 2022CEFER: A Four Facets Framework based on Context and Emotion embedded features for Implicit and Explicit Emotion Recognition28 Sep 2022
- 2022Dimensional Modeling of Emotions in Text with Appraisal Theories: Corpus Creation, Annotation Reliability, and Prediction10 Jun 2022
- 2022On the Complementarity of Images and Text for the Expression of Emotions in Social Media11 Feb 2022