Modeling Semantics with Gated Graph Neural Networks for Knowledge Base Question Answering
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Abstract (arXiv)
The most approaches to Knowledge Base Question Answering are based on semantic parsing. In this paper, we address the problem of learning vector representations for complex semantic parses that consist of multiple entities and relations. Previous work largely focused on selecting the correct semantic relations for a question and disregarded the structure of the semantic parse: the connections between entities and the directions of the relations. We propose to use Gated Graph Neural Networks to encode the graph structure of the semantic parse. We show on two data sets that the graph networks outperform all baseline models that do not explicitly model the structure. The error analysis confirms that our approach can successfully process complex semantic parses.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 Aug 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 6; 2023: 5; 2024: 6; 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
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- 2022QALD-9-plus: A Multilingual Dataset for Question Answering over DBpedia and Wikidata Translated by Native Speakerscited by 39
- 2023FIND: A Function Description Benchmark for Evaluating Interpretability Methodscited by 32
- 2024SPINACH: SPARQL-Based Information Navigation for Challenging Real-World Questionscited by 27
- 2022Exploring Edge Disentanglement for Node Classificationcited by 23
- 2021Bridging the Gap between Spatial and Spectral Domains: A Unified Framework for Graph Neural Networkscited by 19
- 2023MixupExplainer: Generalizing Explanations for Graph Neural Networks with Data Augmentationcited by 18
- 2024MissionGNN: Hierarchical Multimodal GNN-based Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Recognition with Mission-Specific Knowledge Graph Generationcited by 14
- 2021Quantifying Adaptability in Pre-trained Language Models with 500 Taskscited by 13
- 2022Towards Faithful and Consistent Explanations for Graph Neural Networkscited by 13
- 2022A Benchmark for Generalizable and Interpretable Temporal Question Answering over Knowledge Basescited by 9
- 2023RegExplainer: Generating Explanations for Graph Neural Networks in Regression Taskscited by 9
- 2024Evidence-Focused Fact Summarization for Knowledge-Augmented Zero-Shot Question Answeringcited by 9
18 more
- 2021SYGMA: System for Generalizable Modular Question Answering OverKnowledge Basescited by 8
- 2024LLMExplainer: Large Language Model based Bayesian Inference for Graph Explanation Generationcited by 8
- 2022HAC-Net: A Hybrid Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Highly Accurate Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity Predictioncited by 6
- 2023Faithful and Consistent Graph Neural Network Explanations with Rationale Alignmentcited by 6
- 2024SimGRAG: Leveraging Similar Subgraphs for Knowledge Graphs Driven Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 6
- 2021Learning to Transpile AMR into SPARQLcited by 4
- 2024PV-VTT: A Privacy-Centric Dataset for Mission-Specific Anomaly Detection and Natural Language Interpretationcited by 4
- 2021Modeling Global Semantics for Question Answering over Knowledge Basescited by 3
- 2025ConceptFormer: Towards Efficient Use of Knowledge-Graph Embeddings in Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2023Fine-tuned LLMs Know More, Hallucinate Less with Few-Shot Sequence-to-Sequence Semantic Parsing over Wikidatacited by 2
- 2026Making Theft Useless: Adulteration-Based Protection of Proprietary Knowledge Graphs in GraphRAG Systemscited by 2
- 2021Fea2Fea: Exploring Structural Feature Correlations via Graph Neural Networkscited by 1
- 2021Semantic Answer Type and Relation Prediction Task (SMART 2021)cited by 1
- 2021Graph Neural Networks for Natural Language Processing: A Surveycited by 0
- 2021Calculating Question Similarity is Enough: A New Method for KBQA Taskscited by 0
- 2022Knowledge Graph Quality Evaluation under Incomplete Informationcited by 0
- 2026KoRe: Compact Knowledge Representations for Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026KAMR: Grounding Generation via Knowledge-Aligned Multi-hop Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026KAMR: Grounding Generation via Knowledge-Aligned Multi-hop Retrieval29 Jul 2026
- 2026KoRe: Compact Knowledge Representations for Large Language Models19 May 2026
- 2026Making Theft Useless: Adulteration-Based Protection of Proprietary Knowledge Graphs in GraphRAG Systems1 Jan 2026
- 2025ConceptFormer: Towards Efficient Use of Knowledge-Graph Embeddings in Large Language Models10 Apr 2025
- 2024SimGRAG: Leveraging Similar Subgraphs for Knowledge Graphs Driven Retrieval-Augmented Generation17 Dec 2024
- 2024PV-VTT: A Privacy-Centric Dataset for Mission-Specific Anomaly Detection and Natural Language Interpretation30 Oct 2024
- 2024LLMExplainer: Large Language Model based Bayesian Inference for Graph Explanation Generation22 Jul 2024
- 2024SPINACH: SPARQL-Based Information Navigation for Challenging Real-World Questions16 Jul 2024
- 2024MissionGNN: Hierarchical Multimodal GNN-based Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Recognition with Mission-Specific Knowledge Graph Generation27 Jun 2024
- 2024Evidence-Focused Fact Summarization for Knowledge-Augmented Zero-Shot Question Answering5 Mar 2024
- 2023FIND: A Function Description Benchmark for Evaluating Interpretability Methods7 Sep 2023
- 2023RegExplainer: Generating Explanations for Graph Neural Networks in Regression Tasks15 Jul 2023
18 more
- 2023MixupExplainer: Generalizing Explanations for Graph Neural Networks with Data Augmentation15 Jul 2023
- 2023Fine-tuned LLMs Know More, Hallucinate Less with Few-Shot Sequence-to-Sequence Semantic Parsing over Wikidata23 May 2023
- 2023Faithful and Consistent Graph Neural Network Explanations with Rationale Alignment7 Jan 2023
- 2022HAC-Net: A Hybrid Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Highly Accurate Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity Prediction23 Dec 2022
- 2022Knowledge Graph Quality Evaluation under Incomplete Information2 Dec 2022
- 2022Towards Faithful and Consistent Explanations for Graph Neural Networks27 May 2022
- 2022Exploring Edge Disentanglement for Node Classification23 Feb 2022
- 2022QALD-9-plus: A Multilingual Dataset for Question Answering over DBpedia and Wikidata Translated by Native Speakers31 Jan 2022
- 2022A Benchmark for Generalizable and Interpretable Temporal Question Answering over Knowledge Bases15 Jan 2022
- 2021Learning to Transpile AMR into SPARQL15 Dec 2021
- 2021Semantic Answer Type and Relation Prediction Task (SMART 2021)7 Dec 2021
- 2021Quantifying Adaptability in Pre-trained Language Models with 500 Tasks6 Dec 2021
- 2021Calculating Question Similarity is Enough: A New Method for KBQA Tasks15 Nov 2021
- 2021SYGMA: System for Generalizable Modular Question Answering OverKnowledge Bases28 Sep 2021
- 2021Bridging the Gap between Spatial and Spectral Domains: A Unified Framework for Graph Neural Networks21 Jul 2021
- 2021Fea2Fea: Exploring Structural Feature Correlations via Graph Neural Networks24 Jun 2021
- 2021Graph Neural Networks for Natural Language Processing: A Survey10 Jun 2021
- 2021Modeling Global Semantics for Question Answering over Knowledge Bases5 Jan 2021
- 2024SimGRAG: Leveraging Similar Subgraphs for Knowledge Graphs Driven Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 6
- 2025ConceptFormer: Towards Efficient Use of Knowledge-Graph Embeddings in Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026Making Theft Useless: Adulteration-Based Protection of Proprietary Knowledge Graphs in GraphRAG Systemscited by 2
- 2026KAMR: Grounding Generation via Knowledge-Aligned Multi-hop Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026KAMR: Grounding Generation via Knowledge-Aligned Multi-hop Retrieval29 Jul 2026
- 2026Making Theft Useless: Adulteration-Based Protection of Proprietary Knowledge Graphs in GraphRAG Systems1 Jan 2026
- 2025ConceptFormer: Towards Efficient Use of Knowledge-Graph Embeddings in Large Language Models10 Apr 2025
- 2024SimGRAG: Leveraging Similar Subgraphs for Knowledge Graphs Driven Retrieval-Augmented Generation17 Dec 2024
- 2022QALD-9-plus: A Multilingual Dataset for Question Answering over DBpedia and Wikidata Translated by Native Speakerscited by 39
- 2023FIND: A Function Description Benchmark for Evaluating Interpretability Methodscited by 32
- 2024SPINACH: SPARQL-Based Information Navigation for Challenging Real-World Questionscited by 27
- 2022Exploring Edge Disentanglement for Node Classificationcited by 23
- 2021Bridging the Gap between Spatial and Spectral Domains: A Unified Framework for Graph Neural Networkscited by 19
- 2023MixupExplainer: Generalizing Explanations for Graph Neural Networks with Data Augmentationcited by 18
- 2024MissionGNN: Hierarchical Multimodal GNN-based Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Recognition with Mission-Specific Knowledge Graph Generationcited by 14
- 2021Quantifying Adaptability in Pre-trained Language Models with 500 Taskscited by 13
- 2022Towards Faithful and Consistent Explanations for Graph Neural Networkscited by 13
- 2022A Benchmark for Generalizable and Interpretable Temporal Question Answering over Knowledge Basescited by 9
- 2023RegExplainer: Generating Explanations for Graph Neural Networks in Regression Taskscited by 9
- 2024Evidence-Focused Fact Summarization for Knowledge-Augmented Zero-Shot Question Answeringcited by 9
12 most cited of 25 All 25 (JSON)
- 2024PV-VTT: A Privacy-Centric Dataset for Mission-Specific Anomaly Detection and Natural Language Interpretation30 Oct 2024
- 2024LLMExplainer: Large Language Model based Bayesian Inference for Graph Explanation Generation22 Jul 2024
- 2024SPINACH: SPARQL-Based Information Navigation for Challenging Real-World Questions16 Jul 2024
- 2024MissionGNN: Hierarchical Multimodal GNN-based Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Recognition with Mission-Specific Knowledge Graph Generation27 Jun 2024
- 2024Evidence-Focused Fact Summarization for Knowledge-Augmented Zero-Shot Question Answering5 Mar 2024
- 2023FIND: A Function Description Benchmark for Evaluating Interpretability Methods7 Sep 2023
- 2023RegExplainer: Generating Explanations for Graph Neural Networks in Regression Tasks15 Jul 2023
- 2023MixupExplainer: Generalizing Explanations for Graph Neural Networks with Data Augmentation15 Jul 2023
- 2023Fine-tuned LLMs Know More, Hallucinate Less with Few-Shot Sequence-to-Sequence Semantic Parsing over Wikidata23 May 2023
- 2023Faithful and Consistent Graph Neural Network Explanations with Rationale Alignment7 Jan 2023
- 2022HAC-Net: A Hybrid Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Highly Accurate Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity Prediction23 Dec 2022
- 2022Knowledge Graph Quality Evaluation under Incomplete Information2 Dec 2022
12 newest of 25 All 25 (JSON)