N-GCN: Multi-scale Graph Convolution for Semi-supervised Node Classification
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Abstract (arXiv)
Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have shown significant improvements in semi-supervised learning on graph-structured data. Concurrently, unsupervised learning of graph embeddings has benefited from the information contained in random walks. In this paper, we propose a model: Network of GCNs (N-GCN), which marries these two lines of work. At its core, N-GCN trains multiple instances of GCNs over node pairs discovered at different distances in random walks, and learns a combination of the instance outputs which optimizes the classification objective. Our experiments show that our proposed N-GCN model improves state-of-the-art baselines on all of the challenging node classification tasks we consider: Cora, Citeseer, Pubmed, and PPI. In addition, our proposed method has other desirable properties, including generalization to recently proposed semi-supervised learning methods such as GraphSAGE, allowing us to propose N-SAGE, and resilience to adversarial input perturbations.
Key facts. Cited by 54 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Feb 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 17; 2022: 11; 2023: 14; 2024: 8; 2025: 4.
54 papers.
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- 2023DRew: Dynamically Rewired Message Passing with Delaycited by 81
- 2021Graph-based Semi-supervised Learning: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 79
- 2023Graph Mixture of Experts: Learning on Large-Scale Graphs with Explicit Diversity Modelingcited by 63
- 2021Optimization of Graph Neural Networks: Implicit Acceleration by Skip Connections and More Depthcited by 55
- 2021Affinity Attention Graph Neural Network for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 47
- 2022Shortest Path Networks for Graph Property Predictioncited by 46
- 2021p-Laplacian Based Graph Neural Networkscited by 39
- 2021SPAGAN: Shortest Path Graph Attention Networkcited by 28
- 2021Topological Relational Learning on Graphscited by 27
- 2022MGNNI: Multiscale Graph Neural Networks with Implicit Layerscited by 19
- 2025Graph2text or Graph2token: A Perspective of Large Language Models for Graph Learningcited by 12
- 2023The Snowflake Hypothesis: Training Deep GNN with One Node One Receptive fieldcited by 11
38 more
- 2024The Effectiveness of Curvature-Based Rewiring and the Role of Hyperparameters in GNNs Revisitedcited by 11
- 2021Boosting-GNN: Boosting Algorithm for Graph Networks on Imbalanced Node Classificationcited by 10
- 2021SkipNode: On Alleviating Performance Degradation for Deep Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 10
- 2022Towards Digital Twin Oriented Modelling of Complex Networked Systems and Their Dynamics: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 8
- 2023DRIN: Dynamic Relation Interactive Network for Multimodal Entity Linkingcited by 8
- 2024Redesigning graph filter-based GNNs to relax the homophily assumptioncited by 8
- 2021A Piece-wise Polynomial Filtering Approach for Graph Neural Networkscited by 7
- 2023Simplifying Subgraph Representation Learning for Scalable Link Predictioncited by 7
- 2023From Cluster Assumption to Graph Convolution: Graph-based Semi-Supervised Learning Revisitedcited by 6
- 2024The Heterophilic Snowflake Hypothesis: Training and Empowering GNNs for Heterophilic Graphscited by 6
- 2021Multiscale Laplacian Learningcited by 5
- 2021Haar Wavelet Feature Compression for Quantized Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 5
- 2023A Survey on Service Route and Time Prediction in Instant Delivery: Taxonomy, Progress, and Prospectscited by 5
- 2023Digital Twin-Oriented Complex Networked Systems based on Heterogeneous Node Features and Interaction Rulescited by 4
- 2024EMP: Effective Multidimensional Persistence for Graph Representation Learningcited by 4
- 2021SMASH: Sparse Matrix Atomic Scratchpad Hashingcited by 3
- 2022A Top-down Supervised Learning Approach to Hierarchical Multi-label Classification in Networkscited by 3
- 2024Simplified PCNet with Robustnesscited by 3
- 2024Enhancing the Resilience of Graph Neural Networks to Topological Perturbations in Sparse Graphscited by 3
- 2021HMSG: Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network based on Metapath Subgraph Learningcited by 2
- 2022Graph Neural Diffusion Networks for Semi-supervised Learningcited by 2
- 2022G3SR: Global Graph Guided Session-based Recommendationcited by 2
- 2022How Powerful is Implicit Denoising in Graph Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2022Demystifying Bitcoin Address Behavior via Graph Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2023Dual Policy Learning for Aggregation Optimization in Graph Neural Network-based Recommender Systemscited by 2
- 2023GANN: Graph Alignment Neural Network for Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 2
- 2023Benchmarking Machine Learning Models for Quantum Error Correctioncited by 2
- 2025Hybrid-Hierarchical Fashion Graph Attention Network for Compatibility-Oriented and Personalized Outfit Recommendationcited by 2
- 2021Relational Graph Neural Network Design via Progressive Neural Architecture Searchcited by 1
- 2021Dual GNNs: Graph Neural Network Learning with Limited Supervisioncited by 1
- 2022Hierarchy exploitation to detect missing annotations on hierarchical multi-label classificationcited by 1
- 2022GPNet: Simplifying Graph Neural Networks via Multi-channel Geometric Polynomialscited by 1
- 2023Renormalized Graph Representations for Node Classificationcited by 1
- 2023Torsion Graph Neural Networkscited by 1
- 2024ENADPool: The Edge-Node Attention-based Differentiable Pooling for Graph Neural Networkscited by 1
- 2024Decoding Climate Disagreement: A Graph Neural Network-Based Approach to Understanding Social Media Dynamicscited by 1
- 2021Effective Eigendecomposition based Graph Adaptation for Heterophilic Networkscited by 0
- 2021RRLFSOR: An Efficient Self-Supervised Learning Strategy of Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 0
50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 2025ModSSC: A Modular Framework for Semi-Supervised Classification on Heterogeneous Data15 Dec 2025
- 2025Anti-Money Laundering Systems Using Deep Learning18 Sep 2025
- 2025Hybrid-Hierarchical Fashion Graph Attention Network for Compatibility-Oriented and Personalized Outfit Recommendation14 Aug 2025
- 2025Graph2text or Graph2token: A Perspective of Large Language Models for Graph Learning2 Jan 2025
- 2024Redesigning graph filter-based GNNs to relax the homophily assumption13 Sep 2024
- 2024The Effectiveness of Curvature-Based Rewiring and the Role of Hyperparameters in GNNs Revisited12 Jul 2024
- 2024Decoding Climate Disagreement: A Graph Neural Network-Based Approach to Understanding Social Media Dynamics9 Jul 2024
- 2024The Heterophilic Snowflake Hypothesis: Training and Empowering GNNs for Heterophilic Graphs18 Jun 2024
- 2024Enhancing the Resilience of Graph Neural Networks to Topological Perturbations in Sparse Graphs5 Jun 2024
- 2024ENADPool: The Edge-Node Attention-based Differentiable Pooling for Graph Neural Networks16 May 2024
- 2024Simplified PCNet with Robustness6 Mar 2024
- 2024EMP: Effective Multidimensional Persistence for Graph Representation Learning24 Jan 2024
38 more
- 2023Benchmarking Machine Learning Models for Quantum Error Correction18 Nov 2023
- 2023DRIN: Dynamic Relation Interactive Network for Multimodal Entity Linking9 Oct 2023
- 2023From Cluster Assumption to Graph Convolution: Graph-based Semi-Supervised Learning Revisited24 Sep 2023
- 2023A Survey on Service Route and Time Prediction in Instant Delivery: Taxonomy, Progress, and Prospects3 Sep 2023
- 2023The Snowflake Hypothesis: Training Deep GNN with One Node One Receptive field19 Aug 2023
- 2023Digital Twin-Oriented Complex Networked Systems based on Heterogeneous Node Features and Interaction Rules18 Aug 2023
- 2023Torsion Graph Neural Networks23 Jun 2023
- 2023Renormalized Graph Representations for Node Classification1 Jun 2023
- 2023DRew: Dynamically Rewired Message Passing with Delay13 May 2023
- 2023Graph Mixture of Experts: Learning on Large-Scale Graphs with Explicit Diversity Modeling6 Apr 2023
- 2023GANN: Graph Alignment Neural Network for Semi-Supervised Learning14 Mar 2023
- 2023Path Integral Based Convolution and Pooling for Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks26 Feb 2023
- 2023Dual Policy Learning for Aggregation Optimization in Graph Neural Network-based Recommender Systems21 Feb 2023
- 2023Simplifying Subgraph Representation Learning for Scalable Link Prediction29 Jan 2023
- 2022Demystifying Bitcoin Address Behavior via Graph Neural Networks26 Nov 2022
- 2022MGNNI: Multiscale Graph Neural Networks with Implicit Layers15 Oct 2022
- 2022GPNet: Simplifying Graph Neural Networks via Multi-channel Geometric Polynomials30 Sep 2022
- 2022How Powerful is Implicit Denoising in Graph Neural Networks29 Sep 2022
- 2022Hierarchy exploitation to detect missing annotations on hierarchical multi-label classification13 Jul 2022
- 2022Shortest Path Networks for Graph Property Prediction2 Jun 2022
- 2022A Top-down Supervised Learning Approach to Hierarchical Multi-label Classification in Networks23 Mar 2022
- 2022G3SR: Global Graph Guided Session-based Recommendation12 Mar 2022
- 2022Towards Digital Twin Oriented Modelling of Complex Networked Systems and Their Dynamics: A Comprehensive Survey15 Feb 2022
- 2022Graph Neural Diffusion Networks for Semi-supervised Learning24 Jan 2022
- 2022Stratified Graph Spectra10 Jan 2022
- 2021SkipNode: On Alleviating Performance Degradation for Deep Graph Convolutional Networks22 Dec 2021
- 2021A Piece-wise Polynomial Filtering Approach for Graph Neural Networks7 Dec 2021
- 2021p-Laplacian Based Graph Neural Networks14 Nov 2021
- 2021Topological Relational Learning on Graphs29 Oct 2021
- 2021Haar Wavelet Feature Compression for Quantized Graph Convolutional Networks10 Oct 2021
- 2021Multiscale Laplacian Learning8 Sep 2021
- 2021HMSG: Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network based on Metapath Subgraph Learning7 Sep 2021
- 2021RRLFSOR: An Efficient Self-Supervised Learning Strategy of Graph Convolutional Networks17 Aug 2021
- 2021Effective Eigendecomposition based Graph Adaptation for Heterophilic Networks28 Jul 2021
- 2021Dual GNNs: Graph Neural Network Learning with Limited Supervision29 Jun 2021
- 2021Affinity Attention Graph Neural Network for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation8 Jun 2021
- 2021Relational Graph Neural Network Design via Progressive Neural Architecture Search30 May 2021
- 2021SMASH: Sparse Matrix Atomic Scratchpad Hashing29 May 2021
50 newest of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 2023DRew: Dynamically Rewired Message Passing with Delaycited by 81
- 2021Graph-based Semi-supervised Learning: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 79
- 2021Optimization of Graph Neural Networks: Implicit Acceleration by Skip Connections and More Depthcited by 55
- 2021Affinity Attention Graph Neural Network for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 47
- 2022Shortest Path Networks for Graph Property Predictioncited by 46
- 2021p-Laplacian Based Graph Neural Networkscited by 39
- 2021SPAGAN: Shortest Path Graph Attention Networkcited by 28
- 2021Topological Relational Learning on Graphscited by 27
- 2022MGNNI: Multiscale Graph Neural Networks with Implicit Layerscited by 19
- 2025Graph2text or Graph2token: A Perspective of Large Language Models for Graph Learningcited by 12
- 2023The Snowflake Hypothesis: Training Deep GNN with One Node One Receptive fieldcited by 11
- 2024The Effectiveness of Curvature-Based Rewiring and the Role of Hyperparameters in GNNs Revisitedcited by 11
12 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)
- 2025ModSSC: A Modular Framework for Semi-Supervised Classification on Heterogeneous Data15 Dec 2025
- 2025Anti-Money Laundering Systems Using Deep Learning18 Sep 2025
- 2025Hybrid-Hierarchical Fashion Graph Attention Network for Compatibility-Oriented and Personalized Outfit Recommendation14 Aug 2025
- 2025Graph2text or Graph2token: A Perspective of Large Language Models for Graph Learning2 Jan 2025
- 2024Redesigning graph filter-based GNNs to relax the homophily assumption13 Sep 2024
- 2024The Effectiveness of Curvature-Based Rewiring and the Role of Hyperparameters in GNNs Revisited12 Jul 2024
- 2024Decoding Climate Disagreement: A Graph Neural Network-Based Approach to Understanding Social Media Dynamics9 Jul 2024
- 2024The Heterophilic Snowflake Hypothesis: Training and Empowering GNNs for Heterophilic Graphs18 Jun 2024
- 2024Enhancing the Resilience of Graph Neural Networks to Topological Perturbations in Sparse Graphs5 Jun 2024
- 2024ENADPool: The Edge-Node Attention-based Differentiable Pooling for Graph Neural Networks16 May 2024
- 2024Simplified PCNet with Robustness6 Mar 2024
- 2024EMP: Effective Multidimensional Persistence for Graph Representation Learning24 Jan 2024
12 newest of 53 All 53 (JSON)