Teaching Machines to Code: Neural Markup Generation with Visual Attention
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We present a neural transducer model with visual attention that learns to generate LaTeX markup of a real-world math formula given its image. Applying sequence modeling and transduction techniques that have been very successful across modalities such as natural language, image, handwriting, speech and audio; we construct an image-to-markup model that learns to produce syntactically and semantically correct LaTeX markup code over 150 words long and achieves a BLEU score of 89%; improving upon the previous state-of-art for the Im2Latex problem. We also demonstrate with heat-map visualization how attention helps in interpreting the model and can pinpoint (detect and localize) symbols on the image accurately despite having been trained without any bounding box data.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 15 Feb 2018.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 0; 2023: 2; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.
5 papers.
- 2023Nougat: Neural Optical Understanding for Academic Documentscited by 240
- 2021Full Page Handwriting Recognition via Image to Sequence Extractioncited by 24
- 2024MathNet: A Data-Centric Approach for Printed Mathematical Expression Recognitioncited by 4
- 2023From Robots to Books: An Introduction to Smart Applications of AI in Education (AIEd)cited by 2
- 2025DREAM: Document Reconstruction via End-to-end Autoregressive Modelcited by 2
- 2025DREAM: Document Reconstruction via End-to-end Autoregressive Model8 Jul 2025
- 2024MathNet: A Data-Centric Approach for Printed Mathematical Expression Recognition21 Apr 2024
- 2023Nougat: Neural Optical Understanding for Academic Documents25 Aug 2023
- 2023From Robots to Books: An Introduction to Smart Applications of AI in Education (AIEd)11 Jan 2023
- 2021Full Page Handwriting Recognition via Image to Sequence Extraction11 Mar 2021