A Genetic Algorithm-Based Solver for Very Large Jigsaw Puzzles
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper we propose the first effective automated, genetic algorithm (GA)-based jigsaw puzzle solver. We introduce a novel procedure of merging two "parent" solutions to an improved "child" solution by detecting, extracting, and combining correctly assembled puzzle segments. The solver proposed exhibits state-of-the-art performance solving previously attempted puzzles faster and far more accurately, and also puzzles of size never before attempted. Other contributions include the creation of a benchmark of large images, previously unavailable. We share the data sets and all of our results for future testing and comparative evaluation of jigsaw puzzle solvers.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Nov 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 3; 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 5.
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- 2024Re-assembling the past: The RePAIR dataset and benchmark for real world 2D and 3D puzzle solvingcited by 19
- 2022GANzzle: Reframing jigsaw puzzle solving as a retrieval task using a generative mental imagecited by 10
- 2023Multi-Phase Relaxation Labeling for Square Jigsaw Puzzle Solvingcited by 7
- 2025ERL-MPP: Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning with Multi-head Puzzle Perception for Solving Large-scale Jigsaw Puzzles of Eroded Gapscited by 5
- 2025PuzLM: Solving Jigsaw Puzzles with Sequence-to-Sequence Language Modelscited by 4
- 2026The Missing GAP: From Solving Square Jigsaw Puzzles to Handling Real World Archaeological Fragmentscited by 3
- 2023Human-imperceptible, Machine-recognizable Imagescited by 1
- 2025Solving Convex Partition Visual Jigsaw Puzzlescited by 1
- 2026JigShape: Evaluating Visual-Geometric Reasoning in VLMs through Jigsaw Puzzlescited by 1
- 2023Automated Graph Genetic Algorithm based Puzzle Validation for Faster Game Designcited by 0
- 2026CFE-PPAR: Compression-friendly encryption for privacy-preserving action recognition leveraging video transformerscited by 0
- 2026JigSync: Gauge-Resolved Synchronization for Jigsaw Reassembly under Unknown Piece Orientationcited by 0
- 2026Fix the Match, Not the Solver: STITCH -- a Self-Supervised Compatibility Measure for Eroded Visual Puzzles9 Oct 2026
- 2026JigSync: Gauge-Resolved Synchronization for Jigsaw Reassembly under Unknown Piece Orientation16 Sep 2026
- 2026JigShape: Evaluating Visual-Geometric Reasoning in VLMs through Jigsaw Puzzles30 Jul 2026
- 2026The Missing GAP: From Solving Square Jigsaw Puzzles to Handling Real World Archaeological Fragments12 May 2026
- 2026CFE-PPAR: Compression-friendly encryption for privacy-preserving action recognition leveraging video transformers7 May 2026
- 2025PuzLM: Solving Jigsaw Puzzles with Sequence-to-Sequence Language Models9 Nov 2025
- 2025Solving Convex Partition Visual Jigsaw Puzzles6 Nov 2025
- 2025ERL-MPP: Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning with Multi-head Puzzle Perception for Solving Large-scale Jigsaw Puzzles of Eroded Gaps13 Apr 2025
- 2024Re-assembling the past: The RePAIR dataset and benchmark for real world 2D and 3D puzzle solving31 Oct 2024
- 2023Human-imperceptible, Machine-recognizable Images6 Jun 2023
- 2023Multi-Phase Relaxation Labeling for Square Jigsaw Puzzle Solving26 Mar 2023
- 2023Automated Graph Genetic Algorithm based Puzzle Validation for Faster Game Design17 Feb 2023
- 2024Re-assembling the past: The RePAIR dataset and benchmark for real world 2D and 3D puzzle solvingcited by 19
- 2022GANzzle: Reframing jigsaw puzzle solving as a retrieval task using a generative mental imagecited by 10
- 2023Multi-Phase Relaxation Labeling for Square Jigsaw Puzzle Solvingcited by 7
- 2025PuzLM: Solving Jigsaw Puzzles with Sequence-to-Sequence Language Modelscited by 4
- 2026The Missing GAP: From Solving Square Jigsaw Puzzles to Handling Real World Archaeological Fragmentscited by 3
- 2023Human-imperceptible, Machine-recognizable Imagescited by 1
- 2025Solving Convex Partition Visual Jigsaw Puzzlescited by 1
- 2023Automated Graph Genetic Algorithm based Puzzle Validation for Faster Game Designcited by 0
- 2026CFE-PPAR: Compression-friendly encryption for privacy-preserving action recognition leveraging video transformerscited by 0
- 2026JigSync: Gauge-Resolved Synchronization for Jigsaw Reassembly under Unknown Piece Orientationcited by 0
- 2026Fix the Match, Not the Solver: STITCH -- a Self-Supervised Compatibility Measure for Eroded Visual Puzzlescited by 0
- 2026Fix the Match, Not the Solver: STITCH -- a Self-Supervised Compatibility Measure for Eroded Visual Puzzles9 Oct 2026
- 2026JigSync: Gauge-Resolved Synchronization for Jigsaw Reassembly under Unknown Piece Orientation16 Sep 2026
- 2026The Missing GAP: From Solving Square Jigsaw Puzzles to Handling Real World Archaeological Fragments12 May 2026
- 2026CFE-PPAR: Compression-friendly encryption for privacy-preserving action recognition leveraging video transformers7 May 2026
- 2025PuzLM: Solving Jigsaw Puzzles with Sequence-to-Sequence Language Models9 Nov 2025
- 2025Solving Convex Partition Visual Jigsaw Puzzles6 Nov 2025
- 2024Re-assembling the past: The RePAIR dataset and benchmark for real world 2D and 3D puzzle solving31 Oct 2024
- 2023Human-imperceptible, Machine-recognizable Images6 Jun 2023
- 2023Multi-Phase Relaxation Labeling for Square Jigsaw Puzzle Solving26 Mar 2023
- 2023Automated Graph Genetic Algorithm based Puzzle Validation for Faster Game Design17 Feb 2023
- 2022GANzzle: Reframing jigsaw puzzle solving as a retrieval task using a generative mental image12 Jul 2022