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Reinforcement Learning in a large scale photonic Recurrent Neural Network

arXiv 1711.05133 ↗First posted 14 Nov 2017cs.NE physics.opticscited by 30

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Abstract (arXiv)

Photonic Neural Network implementations have been gaining considerable attention as a potentially disruptive future technology. Demonstrating learning in large scale neural networks is essential to establish photonic machine learning substrates as viable information processing systems. Realizing photonic Neural Networks with numerous nonlinear nodes in a fully parallel and efficient learning hardware was lacking so far. We demonstrate a network of up to 2500 diffractively coupled photonic nodes, forming a large scale Recurrent Neural Network. Using a Digital Micro Mirror Device, we realize reinforcement learning. Our scheme is fully parallel, and the passive weights maximize energy efficiency and bandwidth. The computational output efficiently converges and we achieve very good performance.

Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Nov 2017.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 11; 2023: 5; 2024: 7; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

30 papers.

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  1. 2021Deep physical neural networks enabled by a backpropagation algorithm for arbitrary physical systemscited by 128
  2. 2024Training of Physical Neural Networkscited by 49
  3. 2023Backpropagation-free Training of Deep Physical Neural Networkscited by 42
  4. 2021An optical neural network using less than 1 photon per multiplicationcited by 30
  5. 2022Hybrid training of optical neural networkscited by 15
  6. 2022Polarization Multiplexed Diffractive Computing: All-Optical Implementation of a Group of Linear Transformations Through a Polarization-Encoded Diffractive Networkcited by 10
  7. 2022Dual adaptive training of photonic neural networkscited by 9
  8. 2021Knowledge Distillation Circumvents Nonlinearity for Optical Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6
  9. 2021Wave-based extreme deep learning based on non-linear time-Floquet entanglementcited by 6
  10. 2022All-optical graph representation learning using integrated diffractive photonic computing unitscited by 6
  11. 2022Parallel photonic accelerator for decision making using optical spatiotemporal chaoscited by 6
  12. 2022Intelligent Computing: The Latest Advances, Challenges and Futurecited by 6
18 more
  1. 2023High Speed Human Action Recognition using a Photonic Reservoir Computercited by 5
  2. 2021Master memory function for delay-based reservoir computers with single-variable dynamicscited by 4
  3. 2022Noise mitigation strategies in physical feedforward neural networkscited by 4
  4. 2022Theory of Acceleration of Decision Making by Correlated Time Sequencescited by 2
  5. 2022EEG Opto-processor: epileptic seizure detection using diffractive photonic computing unitscited by 2
  6. 2023Conflict-free joint decision by lag and zero-lag synchronization in laser networkcited by 2
  7. 2023Asymmetric leader-laggard cluster synchronization for collective decision-making with laser networkcited by 2
  8. 2025Model-free Optical Processors using In Situ Reinforcement Learning with Proximal Policy Optimizationcited by 2
  9. 2024Automated Design and Optimization of Distributed Filtering Circuits via Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
  10. 2024Impact of white noise in artificial neural networks trained for classification: performance and noise mitigation strategiescited by 1
  11. 2022Misaligned orientations of 4f optical neural network for image classification accuracy on various datasetscited by 0
  12. 2022Bandit approach to conflict-free multi-agent Q-learning in view of photonic implementationcited by 0
  13. 2023Convergence and scaling of Boolean-weight optimization for hardware reservoirscited by 0
  14. 2024LUM-ViT: Learnable Under-sampling Mask Vision Transformer for Bandwidth Limited Optical Signal Acquisitioncited by 0
  15. 2024Impact of white Gaussian internal noise on analog echo-state neural networkscited by 0
  16. 2024Optical Computing for Deep Neural Network Acceleration: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Emerging Directionscited by 0
  17. 2024Training a multilayer dynamical spintronic network with standard machine learning tools to perform time series classificationcited by 0
  18. 2026Photonic reservoir computing with complex networkscited by 0