TensorFlow Agents: Efficient Batched Reinforcement Learning in TensorFlow
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce TensorFlow Agents, an efficient infrastructure paradigm for building parallel reinforcement learning algorithms in TensorFlow. We simulate multiple environments in parallel, and group them to perform the neural network computation on a batch rather than individual observations. This allows the TensorFlow execution engine to parallelize computation, without the need for manual synchronization. Environments are stepped in separate Python processes to progress them in parallel without interference of the global interpreter lock. As part of this project, we introduce BatchPPO, an efficient implementation of the proximal policy optimization algorithm. By open sourcing TensorFlow Agents, we hope to provide a flexible starting point for future projects that accelerates future research in the field.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Sep 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 2; 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
9 papers.
- 2024HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Frameworkcited by 2,057
- 2021Autonomous Reinforcement Learning via Subgoal Curriculacited by 33
- 2025Reinforcement Learning for Machine Learning Engineering Agentscited by 14
- 2024A Review of Reinforcement Learning in Financial Applicationscited by 13
- 2023SRL: Scaling Distributed Reinforcement Learning to Over Ten Thousand Corescited by 10
- 2023RetailSynth: Synthetic Data Generation for Retail AI Systems Evaluationcited by 5
- 2022Lamarckian Platform: Pushing the Boundaries of Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning towards Asynchronous Commercial Gamescited by 4
- 2023Discovering Adaptable Symbolic Algorithms from Scratchcited by 4
- 2022Project proposal: A modular reinforcement learning based automated theorem provercited by 1
- 2025Reinforcement Learning for Machine Learning Engineering Agents1 Sep 2025
- 2024A Review of Reinforcement Learning in Financial Applications1 Nov 2024
- 2024HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Framework28 Sep 2024
- 2023RetailSynth: Synthetic Data Generation for Retail AI Systems Evaluation21 Dec 2023
- 2023Discovering Adaptable Symbolic Algorithms from Scratch31 Jul 2023
- 2023SRL: Scaling Distributed Reinforcement Learning to Over Ten Thousand Cores29 Jun 2023
- 2022Lamarckian Platform: Pushing the Boundaries of Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning towards Asynchronous Commercial Games21 Sep 2022
- 2022Project proposal: A modular reinforcement learning based automated theorem prover6 Sep 2022
- 2021Autonomous Reinforcement Learning via Subgoal Curricula27 Jul 2021