Direct-Manipulation Visualization of Deep Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
The recent successes of deep learning have led to a wave of interest from non-experts. Gaining an understanding of this technology, however, is difficult. While the theory is important, it is also helpful for novices to develop an intuitive feel for the effect of different hyperparameters and structural variations. We describe TensorFlow Playground, an interactive, open sourced visualization that allows users to experiment via direct manipulation rather than coding, enabling them to quickly build an intuition about neural nets.
Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Aug 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 4; 2023: 6; 2024: 5; 2025: 1; 2026: 5.
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- 2021M2Lens: Visualizing and Explaining Multimodal Models for Sentiment Analysiscited by 29
- 2023Model Compression in Practice: Lessons Learned from Practitioners Creating On-device Machine Learning Experiencescited by 21
- 2023Diffusion Explainer: Visual Explanation for Text-to-image Stable Diffusioncited by 17
- 2024Transformer Explainer: Learning LLM Transformers with Interactive Visual Explanation and Experimentationcited by 10
- 2023GAM Coach: Towards Interactive and User-centered Algorithmic Recoursecited by 9
- 2023Augmented Math: Authoring AR-Based Explorable Explanations by Augmenting Static Math Textbookscited by 7
- 2021LossPlot: A Better Way to Visualize Loss Landscapescited by 5
- 2021Interactive Analysis of CNN Robustnesscited by 4
- 2022Concept Evolution in Deep Learning Training: A Unified Interpretation Framework and Discoveriescited by 3
- 2024EL-VIT: Probing Vision Transformer with Interactive Visualizationcited by 3
- 2021From Tinkering to Engineering: Measurements in Tensorflow Playgroundcited by 2
- 2022FuNNscope: Visual microscope for interactively exploring the loss landscape of fully connected neural networkscited by 2
16 more
- 2023Visualization for Recommendation Explainability: A Survey and New Perspectivescited by 2
- 2024Seizing the Means of Production: Exploring the Landscape of Crafting, Adapting and Navigating Generative AI Models in the Visual Artscited by 2
- 2023Evaluating Machine Learning Models with NERO: Non-Equivariance Revealed on Orbitscited by 1
- 2025Quantum Machine Learning Playgroundcited by 1
- 2021Model-agnostic interpretation by visualization of feature perturbationscited by 0
- 2021On the Evolution of Neuron Communities in a Deep Learning Architecturecited by 0
- 2021Deep Learning Image Recognition for Non-imagescited by 0
- 2022PREVIS -- A Combined Machine Learning and Visual Interpolation Approach for Interactive Reverse Engineering in Assembly Quality Controlcited by 0
- 2022Interactive Visual Feature Searchcited by 0
- 2024Interactive Simulations of Backdoors in Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2024Sparsest Models Elude Pruning: An Expos'e of Pruning's Current Capabilitiescited by 0
- 2026Federated Learning Playgroundcited by 0
- 2026Visualization of Machine Learning Models through Their Spatial and Temporal Listenerscited by 0
- 2026Beyond Chat and Clicks: GUI Agents for In-Situ Assistance via Live Interface Transformationcited by 0
- 2026Web-Gewu: A Browser-Based Interactive Playground for Robot Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026KANLab: TensorFlow Playground for Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 0
- 2026KANLab: TensorFlow Playground for Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks14 Oct 2026
- 2026Web-Gewu: A Browser-Based Interactive Playground for Robot Reinforcement Learning18 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond Chat and Clicks: GUI Agents for In-Situ Assistance via Live Interface Transformation16 Apr 2026
- 2026Visualization of Machine Learning Models through Their Spatial and Temporal Listeners29 Mar 2026
- 2026Federated Learning Playground23 Feb 2026
- 2025Quantum Machine Learning Playground23 Jul 2025
- 2024Transformer Explainer: Learning LLM Transformers with Interactive Visual Explanation and Experimentation8 Aug 2024
- 2024Sparsest Models Elude Pruning: An Expos'e of Pruning's Current Capabilities4 Jul 2024
- 2024Interactive Simulations of Backdoors in Neural Networks21 May 2024
- 2024Seizing the Means of Production: Exploring the Landscape of Crafting, Adapting and Navigating Generative AI Models in the Visual Arts26 Apr 2024
- 2024EL-VIT: Probing Vision Transformer with Interactive Visualization23 Jan 2024
- 2023Model Compression in Practice: Lessons Learned from Practitioners Creating On-device Machine Learning Experiences6 Oct 2023
16 more
- 2023Augmented Math: Authoring AR-Based Explorable Explanations by Augmenting Static Math Textbooks30 Jul 2023
- 2023Evaluating Machine Learning Models with NERO: Non-Equivariance Revealed on Orbits31 May 2023
- 2023Visualization for Recommendation Explainability: A Survey and New Perspectives19 May 2023
- 2023Diffusion Explainer: Visual Explanation for Text-to-image Stable Diffusion4 May 2023
- 2023GAM Coach: Towards Interactive and User-centered Algorithmic Recourse27 Feb 2023
- 2022Interactive Visual Feature Search28 Nov 2022
- 2022FuNNscope: Visual microscope for interactively exploring the loss landscape of fully connected neural networks9 Apr 2022
- 2022Concept Evolution in Deep Learning Training: A Unified Interpretation Framework and Discoveries30 Mar 2022
- 2022PREVIS -- A Combined Machine Learning and Visual Interpolation Approach for Interactive Reverse Engineering in Assembly Quality Control25 Jan 2022
- 2021LossPlot: A Better Way to Visualize Loss Landscapes30 Nov 2021
- 2021Interactive Analysis of CNN Robustness14 Oct 2021
- 2021M2Lens: Visualizing and Explaining Multimodal Models for Sentiment Analysis17 Jul 2021
- 2021Deep Learning Image Recognition for Non-images28 Jun 2021
- 2021On the Evolution of Neuron Communities in a Deep Learning Architecture8 Jun 2021
- 2021Model-agnostic interpretation by visualization of feature perturbations26 Jan 2021
- 2021From Tinkering to Engineering: Measurements in Tensorflow Playground11 Jan 2021
- 2021M2Lens: Visualizing and Explaining Multimodal Models for Sentiment Analysiscited by 29
- 2023Model Compression in Practice: Lessons Learned from Practitioners Creating On-device Machine Learning Experiencescited by 21
- 2024Transformer Explainer: Learning LLM Transformers with Interactive Visual Explanation and Experimentationcited by 10
- 2023GAM Coach: Towards Interactive and User-centered Algorithmic Recoursecited by 9
- 2023Augmented Math: Authoring AR-Based Explorable Explanations by Augmenting Static Math Textbookscited by 7
- 2021LossPlot: A Better Way to Visualize Loss Landscapescited by 5
- 2021Interactive Analysis of CNN Robustnesscited by 4
- 2022Concept Evolution in Deep Learning Training: A Unified Interpretation Framework and Discoveriescited by 3
- 2024EL-VIT: Probing Vision Transformer with Interactive Visualizationcited by 3
- 2021From Tinkering to Engineering: Measurements in Tensorflow Playgroundcited by 2
- 2022FuNNscope: Visual microscope for interactively exploring the loss landscape of fully connected neural networkscited by 2
- 2023Visualization for Recommendation Explainability: A Survey and New Perspectivescited by 2
12 most cited of 25 All 25 (JSON)
- 2026KANLab: TensorFlow Playground for Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks14 Oct 2026
- 2026Visualization of Machine Learning Models through Their Spatial and Temporal Listeners29 Mar 2026
- 2026Federated Learning Playground23 Feb 2026
- 2025Quantum Machine Learning Playground23 Jul 2025
- 2024Transformer Explainer: Learning LLM Transformers with Interactive Visual Explanation and Experimentation8 Aug 2024
- 2024Sparsest Models Elude Pruning: An Expos'e of Pruning's Current Capabilities4 Jul 2024
- 2024Interactive Simulations of Backdoors in Neural Networks21 May 2024
- 2024Seizing the Means of Production: Exploring the Landscape of Crafting, Adapting and Navigating Generative AI Models in the Visual Arts26 Apr 2024
- 2024EL-VIT: Probing Vision Transformer with Interactive Visualization23 Jan 2024
- 2023Model Compression in Practice: Lessons Learned from Practitioners Creating On-device Machine Learning Experiences6 Oct 2023
- 2023Augmented Math: Authoring AR-Based Explorable Explanations by Augmenting Static Math Textbooks30 Jul 2023
- 2023Evaluating Machine Learning Models with NERO: Non-Equivariance Revealed on Orbits31 May 2023
12 newest of 25 All 25 (JSON)