Semantic 3D Occupancy Mapping through Efficient High Order CRFs
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Abstract (arXiv)
Semantic 3D mapping can be used for many applications such as robot navigation and virtual interaction. In recent years, there has been great progress in semantic segmentation and geometric 3D mapping. However, it is still challenging to combine these two tasks for accurate and large-scale semantic mapping from images. In the paper, we propose an incremental and (near) real-time semantic mapping system. A 3D scrolling occupancy grid map is built to represent the world, which is memory and computationally efficient and bounded for large scale environments. We utilize the CNN segmentation as prior prediction and further optimize 3D grid labels through a novel CRF model. Superpixels are utilized to enforce smoothness and form robust P N high order potential. An efficient mean field inference is developed for the graph optimization. We evaluate our system on the KITTI dataset and improve the segmentation accuracy by 10% over existing systems.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Jul 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 1; 2023: 5; 2024: 5; 2025: 1.
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- 2021Semantics for Robotic Mapping, Perception and Interaction: A Surveycited by 56
- 2021Deep Learning Based 3D Segmentation: A Surveycited by 30
- 2023Grid-Centric Traffic Scenario Perception for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 25
- 2024OpenGraph: Open-Vocabulary Hierarchical 3D Graph Representation in Large-Scale Outdoor Environmentscited by 22
- 2024ALOcc: Adaptive Lifting-Based 3D Semantic Occupancy and Cost Volume-Based Flow Predictionscited by 20
- 2023An Object SLAM Framework for Association, Mapping, and High-Level Taskscited by 15
- 2024Modeling Uncertainty in 3D Gaussian Splatting through Continuous Semantic Splattingcited by 12
- 2023ConvBKI: Real-Time Probabilistic Semantic Mapping Network with Quantifiable Uncertaintycited by 10
- 2022Convolutional Bayesian Kernel Inference for 3D Semantic Mappingcited by 8
- 2025Semantic Causality-Aware Vision-Based 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 8
- 2024Evidential Semantic Mapping in Off-road Environments with Uncertainty-aware Bayesian Kernel Inferencecited by 6
- 2023PanopticNDT: Efficient and Robust Panoptic Mappingcited by 5
3 more
- 2021Dynamic Semantic Occupancy Mapping using 3D Scene Flow and Closed-Form Bayesian Inferencecited by 4
- 2023Interactive Semantic Map Representation for Skill-based Visual Object Navigationcited by 2
- 2024Advancing Frontiers in SLAM: A Survey of Symbolic Representation and Human-Machine Teaming in Environmental Mappingcited by 0
- 2025Semantic Causality-Aware Vision-Based 3D Occupancy Prediction10 Sep 2025
- 2024ALOcc: Adaptive Lifting-Based 3D Semantic Occupancy and Cost Volume-Based Flow Predictions12 Nov 2024
- 2024Modeling Uncertainty in 3D Gaussian Splatting through Continuous Semantic Splatting4 Nov 2024
- 2024Advancing Frontiers in SLAM: A Survey of Symbolic Representation and Human-Machine Teaming in Environmental Mapping22 Mar 2024
- 2024Evidential Semantic Mapping in Off-road Environments with Uncertainty-aware Bayesian Kernel Inference21 Mar 2024
- 2024OpenGraph: Open-Vocabulary Hierarchical 3D Graph Representation in Large-Scale Outdoor Environments14 Mar 2024
- 2023Interactive Semantic Map Representation for Skill-based Visual Object Navigation7 Nov 2023
- 2023ConvBKI: Real-Time Probabilistic Semantic Mapping Network with Quantifiable Uncertainty24 Oct 2023
- 2023PanopticNDT: Efficient and Robust Panoptic Mapping24 Sep 2023
- 2023An Object SLAM Framework for Association, Mapping, and High-Level Tasks12 May 2023
- 2023Grid-Centric Traffic Scenario Perception for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review2 Mar 2023
- 2022Convolutional Bayesian Kernel Inference for 3D Semantic Mapping21 Sep 2022
- 2021Semantics for Robotic Mapping, Perception and Interaction: A Surveycited by 56
- 2021Deep Learning Based 3D Segmentation: A Surveycited by 30
- 2024OpenGraph: Open-Vocabulary Hierarchical 3D Graph Representation in Large-Scale Outdoor Environmentscited by 22
- 2024ALOcc: Adaptive Lifting-Based 3D Semantic Occupancy and Cost Volume-Based Flow Predictionscited by 20
- 2023An Object SLAM Framework for Association, Mapping, and High-Level Taskscited by 15
- 2024Modeling Uncertainty in 3D Gaussian Splatting through Continuous Semantic Splattingcited by 12
- 2023ConvBKI: Real-Time Probabilistic Semantic Mapping Network with Quantifiable Uncertaintycited by 10
- 2022Convolutional Bayesian Kernel Inference for 3D Semantic Mappingcited by 8
- 2025Semantic Causality-Aware Vision-Based 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 8
- 2024Evidential Semantic Mapping in Off-road Environments with Uncertainty-aware Bayesian Kernel Inferencecited by 6
- 2023PanopticNDT: Efficient and Robust Panoptic Mappingcited by 5
- 2021Dynamic Semantic Occupancy Mapping using 3D Scene Flow and Closed-Form Bayesian Inferencecited by 4
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2025Semantic Causality-Aware Vision-Based 3D Occupancy Prediction10 Sep 2025
- 2024ALOcc: Adaptive Lifting-Based 3D Semantic Occupancy and Cost Volume-Based Flow Predictions12 Nov 2024
- 2024Modeling Uncertainty in 3D Gaussian Splatting through Continuous Semantic Splatting4 Nov 2024
- 2024Advancing Frontiers in SLAM: A Survey of Symbolic Representation and Human-Machine Teaming in Environmental Mapping22 Mar 2024
- 2024Evidential Semantic Mapping in Off-road Environments with Uncertainty-aware Bayesian Kernel Inference21 Mar 2024
- 2024OpenGraph: Open-Vocabulary Hierarchical 3D Graph Representation in Large-Scale Outdoor Environments14 Mar 2024
- 2023Interactive Semantic Map Representation for Skill-based Visual Object Navigation7 Nov 2023
- 2023ConvBKI: Real-Time Probabilistic Semantic Mapping Network with Quantifiable Uncertainty24 Oct 2023
- 2023PanopticNDT: Efficient and Robust Panoptic Mapping24 Sep 2023
- 2023An Object SLAM Framework for Association, Mapping, and High-Level Tasks12 May 2023
- 2022Convolutional Bayesian Kernel Inference for 3D Semantic Mapping21 Sep 2022
- 2021Dynamic Semantic Occupancy Mapping using 3D Scene Flow and Closed-Form Bayesian Inference6 Aug 2021
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)