Deep Learning based Large Scale Visual Recommendation and Search for E-Commerce
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we present a unified end-to-end approach to build a large scale Visual Search and Recommendation system for e-commerce. Previous works have targeted these problems in isolation. We believe a more effective and elegant solution could be obtained by tackling them together. We propose a unified Deep Convolutional Neural Network architecture, called VisNet, to learn embeddings to capture the notion of visual similarity, across several semantic granularities. We demonstrate the superiority of our approach for the task of image retrieval, by comparing against the state-of-the-art on the Exact Street2Shop dataset. We then share the design decisions and trade-offs made while deploying the model to power Visual Recommendations across a catalog of 50M products, supporting 2K queries a second at Flipkart, India's largest e-commerce company. The deployment of our solution has yielded a significant business impact, as measured by the conversion-rate.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 Mar 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 3; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
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- 2021Fine-Grained Fashion Similarity Prediction by Attribute-Specific Embedding Learningcited by 12
- 2025ConText-CIR: Learning from Concepts in Text for Composed Image Retrievalcited by 7
- 2021Towards Zero-shot Cross-lingual Image Retrieval and Taggingcited by 4
- 2021Smart Fashion: A Review of AI Applications in the Fashion & Apparel Industrycited by 4
- 2023Efficient Discovery and Effective Evaluation of Visual Perceptual Similarity: A Benchmark and Beyondcited by 3
- 2021FashionSearchNet-v2: Learning Attribute Representations with Localization for Image Retrieval with Attribute Manipulationcited by 2
- 2022Visually Similar Products Retrieval for Shopsycited by 1
- 2024Are They the Same Picture? Adapting Concept Bottleneck Models for Human-AI Collaboration in Image Retrievalcited by 1
- 2025Understanding Endogenous Data Drift in Adaptive Models with Recourse-Seeking Userscited by 1
- 2021Single-Item Fashion Recommender: Towards Cross-Domain Recommendationscited by 0
- 2022Scaling Cross-Domain Content-Based Image Retrieval for E-commerce Snap and Search Applicationcited by 0
- 2023ITEm: Unsupervised Image-Text Embedding Learning for eCommercecited by 0
4 more
- 2024Text-Based Product Matching -- Semi-Supervised Clustering Approachcited by 0
- 2024Deep Learning for Prediction and Classifying the Dynamical behaviour of Piecewise Smooth Mapscited by 0
- 2025Enhancing Supervised Composed Image Retrieval via Reasoning-Augmented Representation Engineeringcited by 0
- 2026Graded-Relevance Composed Multimodal Retrieval for E-commerce Visual Search at Scalecited by 0
- 2026Graded-Relevance Composed Multimodal Retrieval for E-commerce Visual Search at Scale21 Sep 2026
- 2025Enhancing Supervised Composed Image Retrieval via Reasoning-Augmented Representation Engineering15 Aug 2025
- 2025ConText-CIR: Learning from Concepts in Text for Composed Image Retrieval27 May 2025
- 2025Understanding Endogenous Data Drift in Adaptive Models with Recourse-Seeking Users12 Mar 2025
- 2024Are They the Same Picture? Adapting Concept Bottleneck Models for Human-AI Collaboration in Image Retrieval12 Jul 2024
- 2024Deep Learning for Prediction and Classifying the Dynamical behaviour of Piecewise Smooth Maps24 Jun 2024
- 2024Text-Based Product Matching -- Semi-Supervised Clustering Approach1 Feb 2024
- 2023ITEm: Unsupervised Image-Text Embedding Learning for eCommerce22 Oct 2023
- 2023Efficient Discovery and Effective Evaluation of Visual Perceptual Similarity: A Benchmark and Beyond28 Aug 2023
- 2022Visually Similar Products Retrieval for Shopsy10 Oct 2022
- 2022Scaling Cross-Domain Content-Based Image Retrieval for E-commerce Snap and Search Application13 Apr 2022
- 2021FashionSearchNet-v2: Learning Attribute Representations with Localization for Image Retrieval with Attribute Manipulation28 Nov 2021
4 more
- 2021Single-Item Fashion Recommender: Towards Cross-Domain Recommendations1 Nov 2021
- 2021Smart Fashion: A Review of AI Applications in the Fashion & Apparel Industry28 Oct 2021
- 2021Towards Zero-shot Cross-lingual Image Retrieval and Tagging15 Sep 2021
- 2021Fine-Grained Fashion Similarity Prediction by Attribute-Specific Embedding Learning6 Apr 2021
- 2021Fine-Grained Fashion Similarity Prediction by Attribute-Specific Embedding Learningcited by 12
- 2025ConText-CIR: Learning from Concepts in Text for Composed Image Retrievalcited by 7
- 2021Towards Zero-shot Cross-lingual Image Retrieval and Taggingcited by 4
- 2021Smart Fashion: A Review of AI Applications in the Fashion & Apparel Industrycited by 4
- 2023Efficient Discovery and Effective Evaluation of Visual Perceptual Similarity: A Benchmark and Beyondcited by 3
- 2021FashionSearchNet-v2: Learning Attribute Representations with Localization for Image Retrieval with Attribute Manipulationcited by 2
- 2022Visually Similar Products Retrieval for Shopsycited by 1
- 2024Are They the Same Picture? Adapting Concept Bottleneck Models for Human-AI Collaboration in Image Retrievalcited by 1
- 2025Understanding Endogenous Data Drift in Adaptive Models with Recourse-Seeking Userscited by 1
- 2021Single-Item Fashion Recommender: Towards Cross-Domain Recommendationscited by 0
- 2022Scaling Cross-Domain Content-Based Image Retrieval for E-commerce Snap and Search Applicationcited by 0
- 2023ITEm: Unsupervised Image-Text Embedding Learning for eCommercecited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026Graded-Relevance Composed Multimodal Retrieval for E-commerce Visual Search at Scale21 Sep 2026
- 2025ConText-CIR: Learning from Concepts in Text for Composed Image Retrieval27 May 2025
- 2025Understanding Endogenous Data Drift in Adaptive Models with Recourse-Seeking Users12 Mar 2025
- 2024Are They the Same Picture? Adapting Concept Bottleneck Models for Human-AI Collaboration in Image Retrieval12 Jul 2024
- 2024Deep Learning for Prediction and Classifying the Dynamical behaviour of Piecewise Smooth Maps24 Jun 2024
- 2024Text-Based Product Matching -- Semi-Supervised Clustering Approach1 Feb 2024
- 2023ITEm: Unsupervised Image-Text Embedding Learning for eCommerce22 Oct 2023
- 2023Efficient Discovery and Effective Evaluation of Visual Perceptual Similarity: A Benchmark and Beyond28 Aug 2023
- 2022Visually Similar Products Retrieval for Shopsy10 Oct 2022
- 2022Scaling Cross-Domain Content-Based Image Retrieval for E-commerce Snap and Search Application13 Apr 2022
- 2021FashionSearchNet-v2: Learning Attribute Representations with Localization for Image Retrieval with Attribute Manipulation28 Nov 2021
- 2021Single-Item Fashion Recommender: Towards Cross-Domain Recommendations1 Nov 2021
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)