A Compare-Aggregate Model for Matching Text Sequences
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Abstract (arXiv)
Many NLP tasks including machine comprehension, answer selection and text entailment require the comparison between sequences. Matching the important units between sequences is a key to solve these problems. In this paper, we present a general "compare-aggregate" framework that performs word-level matching followed by aggregation using Convolutional Neural Networks. We particularly focus on the different comparison functions we can use to match two vectors. We use four different datasets to evaluate the model. We find that some simple comparison functions based on element-wise operations can work better than standard neural network and neural tensor network.
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Nov 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 7; 2023: 4; 2024: 0; 2025: 4.
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- 2022End-to-End Multimodal Fact-Checking and Explanation Generation: A Challenging Dataset and Modelscited by 105
- 2021Learning Implicit Temporal Alignment for Few-shot Video Classificationcited by 27
- 2021Will this Question be Answered? Question Filtering via Answer Model Distillation for Efficient Question Answeringcited by 19
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- 2022Emp-RFT: Empathetic Response Generation via Recognizing Feature Transitions between Utterancescited by 11
- 2023Invalidator: Automated Patch Correctness Assessment via Semantic and Syntactic Reasoningcited by 11
- 2022Pre-training Transformer Models with Sentence-Level Objectives for Answer Sentence Selectioncited by 9
- 2021Cross-Lingual Open-Domain Question Answering with Answer Sentence Generationcited by 6
- 2022Knowledge Transfer from Answer Ranking to Answer Generationcited by 6
- 2022Ensemble Transformer for Efficient and Accurate Ranking Tasks: an Application to Question Answering Systemscited by 3
11 more
- 2023RLAS-BIABC: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Answer Selection Using the BERT Model Boosted by an Improved ABC Algorithmcited by 3
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- 2021Sparse Distillation: Speeding Up Text Classification by Using Bigger Student Modelscited by 1
- 2025Explainable Semantic Text Relations: A Question-Answering Framework for Comparing Document Contentcited by 1
- 2021Hierarchical Ranking for Answer Selectioncited by 0
- 2021Contextualized Embeddings based Convolutional Neural Networks for Duplicate Question Identificationcited by 0
- 2022Classical Sequence Match is a Competitive Few-Shot One-Class Learnercited by 0
- 2023Reranking Passages with Coarse-to-Fine Neural Retriever Enhanced by List-Context Informationcited by 0
- 2023Structural Self-Supervised Objectives for Transformerscited by 0
- 2025PainNet: Statistical Relation Network with Episode-Based Training for Pain Estimationcited by 0
- 2025AI-Generated Compromises for Coalition Formation: Modeling, Simulation, and a Textual Case Studycited by 0
- 2025AI-Generated Compromises for Coalition Formation: Modeling, Simulation, and a Textual Case Study27 Nov 2025
- 2025Explainable Semantic Text Relations: A Question-Answering Framework for Comparing Document Content10 Sep 2025
- 2025AI-Generated Compromises for Coalition Formation7 Jun 2025
- 2025PainNet: Statistical Relation Network with Episode-Based Training for Pain Estimation8 Apr 2025
- 2023Structural Self-Supervised Objectives for Transformers15 Sep 2023
- 2023Reranking Passages with Coarse-to-Fine Neural Retriever Enhanced by List-Context Information23 Aug 2023
- 2023RLAS-BIABC: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Answer Selection Using the BERT Model Boosted by an Improved ABC Algorithm7 Jan 2023
- 2023Invalidator: Automated Patch Correctness Assessment via Semantic and Syntactic Reasoning3 Jan 2023
- 2022Paraphrase Identification with Deep Learning: A Review of Datasets and Methods13 Dec 2022
- 2022Knowledge Transfer from Answer Ranking to Answer Generation23 Oct 2022
- 2022Classical Sequence Match is a Competitive Few-Shot One-Class Learner14 Sep 2022
- 2022End-to-End Multimodal Fact-Checking and Explanation Generation: A Challenging Dataset and Models25 May 2022
11 more
- 2022Pre-training Transformer Models with Sentence-Level Objectives for Answer Sentence Selection20 May 2022
- 2022Emp-RFT: Empathetic Response Generation via Recognizing Feature Transitions between Utterances6 May 2022
- 2022Ensemble Transformer for Efficient and Accurate Ranking Tasks: an Application to Question Answering Systems15 Jan 2022
- 2021Sparse Distillation: Speeding Up Text Classification by Using Bigger Student Models16 Oct 2021
- 2021Cross-Lingual Open-Domain Question Answering with Answer Sentence Generation14 Oct 2021
- 2021Will this Question be Answered? Question Filtering via Answer Model Distillation for Efficient Question Answering14 Sep 2021
- 2021Contextualized Embeddings based Convolutional Neural Networks for Duplicate Question Identification3 Sep 2021
- 2021Learning Implicit Temporal Alignment for Few-shot Video Classification11 May 2021
- 2021Rethinking Search: Making Domain Experts out of Dilettantes5 May 2021
- 2021Neural ranking models for document retrieval23 Feb 2021
- 2021Hierarchical Ranking for Answer Selection1 Feb 2021
- 2022End-to-End Multimodal Fact-Checking and Explanation Generation: A Challenging Dataset and Modelscited by 105
- 2021Learning Implicit Temporal Alignment for Few-shot Video Classificationcited by 27
- 2021Will this Question be Answered? Question Filtering via Answer Model Distillation for Efficient Question Answeringcited by 19
- 2021Rethinking Search: Making Domain Experts out of Dilettantescited by 18
- 2021Neural ranking models for document retrievalcited by 16
- 2022Paraphrase Identification with Deep Learning: A Review of Datasets and Methodscited by 13
- 2022Emp-RFT: Empathetic Response Generation via Recognizing Feature Transitions between Utterancescited by 11
- 2023Invalidator: Automated Patch Correctness Assessment via Semantic and Syntactic Reasoningcited by 11
- 2022Pre-training Transformer Models with Sentence-Level Objectives for Answer Sentence Selectioncited by 9
- 2021Cross-Lingual Open-Domain Question Answering with Answer Sentence Generationcited by 6
- 2022Knowledge Transfer from Answer Ranking to Answer Generationcited by 6
- 2022Ensemble Transformer for Efficient and Accurate Ranking Tasks: an Application to Question Answering Systemscited by 3
12 most cited of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2025AI-Generated Compromises for Coalition Formation: Modeling, Simulation, and a Textual Case Study27 Nov 2025
- 2025Explainable Semantic Text Relations: A Question-Answering Framework for Comparing Document Content10 Sep 2025
- 2025AI-Generated Compromises for Coalition Formation7 Jun 2025
- 2025PainNet: Statistical Relation Network with Episode-Based Training for Pain Estimation8 Apr 2025
- 2023Structural Self-Supervised Objectives for Transformers15 Sep 2023
- 2023Reranking Passages with Coarse-to-Fine Neural Retriever Enhanced by List-Context Information23 Aug 2023
- 2023RLAS-BIABC: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Answer Selection Using the BERT Model Boosted by an Improved ABC Algorithm7 Jan 2023
- 2023Invalidator: Automated Patch Correctness Assessment via Semantic and Syntactic Reasoning3 Jan 2023
- 2022Paraphrase Identification with Deep Learning: A Review of Datasets and Methods13 Dec 2022
- 2022Knowledge Transfer from Answer Ranking to Answer Generation23 Oct 2022
- 2022Classical Sequence Match is a Competitive Few-Shot One-Class Learner14 Sep 2022
- 2022End-to-End Multimodal Fact-Checking and Explanation Generation: A Challenging Dataset and Models25 May 2022
12 newest of 23 All 23 (JSON)