mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Generalized optimal sub-pattern assignment metric

arXiv 1601.05585 ↗First posted 21 Jan 2016eess.SY cs.CV cs.SYcited by 33

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents the generalized optimal sub-pattern assignment (GOSPA) metric on the space of finite sets of targets. Compared to the well-established optimal sub-pattern assignment (OSPA) metric, GOSPA is unnormalized as a function of the cardinality and it penalizes cardinality errors differently, which enables us to express it as an optimisation over assignments instead of permutations. An important consequence of this is that GOSPA allows us to penalize localization errors for detected targets and the errors due to missed and false targets, as indicated by traditional multiple target tracking (MTT) performance measures, in a sound manner. In addition, we extend the GOSPA metric to the space of random finite sets, which is important to evaluate MTT algorithms via simulations in a rigorous way.

Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 21 Jan 2016.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 5; 2023: 4; 2024: 4; 2025: 10; 2026: 6.

33 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2022Neural Enhanced Belief Propagation for Multiobject Trackingcited by 11
  2. 2021A Review of Testing Object-Based Environment Perception for Safe Automated Drivingcited by 9
  3. 2021Next Generation Multitarget Trackers: Random Finite Set Methods vs Transformer-based Deep Learningcited by 6
  4. 2021A time-weighted metric for sets of trajectories to assess multi-object tracking algorithmscited by 6
  5. 2022Can Deep Learning be Applied to Model-Based Multi-Object Tracking?cited by 5
  6. 2023Graph GOSPA metric: a metric to measure the discrepancy between graphs of different sizescited by 3
  7. 2023Transformer-Based Multi-Object Smoothing with Decoupled Data Association and Smoothingcited by 3
  8. 2022Double Deep Q Networks for Sensor Management in Space Situational Awarenesscited by 2
  9. 2023Trajectory Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture filter for traffic monitoring using a dronecited by 2
  10. 2024TGOSPA Metric Parameters Selection and Evaluation for Visual Multi-object Trackingcited by 2
  11. 2025From Target Tracking to Targeting Track -- Part I: A Metric for Spatio-Temporal Trajectory Evaluationcited by 2
  12. 2024Decentralised Variational Inference Frameworks for Multi-object Tracking on Sensor Networks: Additional Notescited by 1
21 more
  1. 2025Fast computation of the TGOSPA metric for multiple target tracking via unbalanced optimal transportcited by 1
  2. 2021Cell Multi-Bernoulli (Cell-MB) Sensor Control for Multi-object Search-While-Tracking (SWT)cited by 0
  3. 2022A comparison between PMBM Bayesian track initiation and labelled RFS adaptive birthcited by 0
  4. 2022Deep Fusion of Multi-Object Densities Using Transformercited by 0
  5. 2023Set-Type Belief Propagation with Applications to Poisson Multi-Bernoulli SLAMcited by 0
  6. 2024SSP-GNN: Learning to Track via Bilevel Optimizationcited by 0
  7. 2024Gaussian multi-target filtering with target dynamics driven by a stochastic differential equationcited by 0
  8. 2025Stone Soup Multi-Target Tracking Feature Extraction For Autonomous Search And Track In Deep Reinforcement Learning Environmentcited by 0
  9. 2025Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture filter for trajectory measurementscited by 0
  10. 2025Attention-Bayesian Hybrid Approach to Modular Multiple Particle Trackingcited by 0
  11. 2025A family of graph GOSPA metrics for graphs with different sizescited by 0
  12. 2025Distributed Poisson multi-Bernoulli filtering via generalised covariance intersectioncited by 0
  13. 2025Integrated Gaussian Processes for Robust and Adaptive Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
  14. 2025GOSPA and T-GOSPA quasi-metrics for evaluation of multi-object tracking algorithmscited by 0
  15. 2025Model-based Multi-object Visual Tracking: Identification and Standard Model Limitationscited by 0
  16. 2026Compressed BC-LISTA via Low-Rank Convolutional Decompositioncited by 0
  17. 2026Context-Aware Sensor Modeling for Asynchronous Multi-Sensor Tracking in Stone Soupcited by 0
  18. 2026ModTrack: Sensor-Agnostic Multi-View Tracking via Identity-Informed PHD Filtering with Covariance Propagationcited by 0
  19. 2026Beyond Chamfer Distance: Granular Order-aware Evaluation Metric For Online Mappingcited by 0
  20. 2026PiVoT: A Variational Solution for Real-time Large-scale Multi-object Detection and Tracking under Heavy Cluttercited by 0
  21. 2026Causal neural set filtering for online multi-target trackingcited by 0