mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Towards Reading Hidden Emotions: A comparative Study of Spontaneous Micro-expression Spotting and Recognition Methods

arXiv 1511.00423 ↗First posted 2 Nov 2015cs.CVcited by 37

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Abstract (arXiv)

Micro-expressions (MEs) are rapid, involuntary facial expressions which reveal emotions that people do not intend to show. Studying MEs is valuable as recognizing them has many important applications, particularly in forensic science and psychotherapy. However, analyzing spontaneous MEs is very challenging due to their short duration and low intensity. Automatic ME analysis includes two tasks: ME spotting and ME recognition. For ME spotting, previous studies have focused on posed rather than spontaneous videos. For ME recognition, the performance of previous studies is low. To address these challenges, we make the following contributions: (i)We propose the first method for spotting spontaneous MEs in long videos (by exploiting feature difference contrast). This method is training free and works on arbitrary unseen videos. (ii)We present an advanced ME recognition framework, which outperforms previous work by a large margin on two challenging spontaneous ME databases (SMIC and CASMEII). (iii)We propose the first automatic ME analysis system (MESR), which can spot and recognize MEs from spontaneous video data. Finally, we show our method outperforms humans in the ME recognition task by a large margin, and achieves comparable performance to humans at the very challenging task of spotting and then recognizing spontaneous MEs.

Key facts. Cited by 37 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Nov 2015.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 7; 2023: 7; 2024: 3; 2025: 10; 2026: 3.

37 papers.

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  1. 2022Video-based Facial Micro-Expression Analysis: A Survey of Datasets, Features and Algorithmscited by 51
  2. 2021Deep Learning for Micro-expression Recognition: A Surveycited by 43
  3. 2021Feature refinement: An expression-specific feature learning and fusion method for micro-expression recognitioncited by 25
  4. 2021Short and Long Range Relation Based Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Micro-Expression Recognitioncited by 18
  5. 2022MMNet: Muscle motion-guided network for micro-expression recognitioncited by 18
  6. 2023Feature Representation Learning with Adaptive Displacement Generation and Transformer Fusion for Micro-Expression Recognitioncited by 17
  7. 2023DFME: A New Benchmark for Dynamic Facial Micro-expression Recognitioncited by 13
  8. 2023Unlocking the Emotional World of Visual Media: An Overview of the Science, Research, and Impact of Understanding Emotioncited by 12
  9. 2025MOL: Joint Estimation of Micro-Expression, Optical Flow, and Landmark via Transformer-Graph-Style Convolutioncited by 12
  10. 2022Data Leakage and Evaluation Issues in Micro-Expression Analysiscited by 7
  11. 2022Geometric Graph Representation with Learnable Graph Structure and Adaptive AU Constraint for Micro-Expression Recognitioncited by 6
  12. 2024Synergistic Spotting and Recognition of Micro-Expression via Temporal State Transitioncited by 6
25 more
  1. 2024Facial Expression Analysis and Its Potentials in IoT Systems: A Contemporary Surveycited by 5
  2. 2021A comparative study on movement feature in different directions for micro-expression recognitioncited by 4
  3. 2023RMES: Real-Time Micro-Expression Spotting Using Phase From Riesz Pyramidcited by 3
  4. 2024Meta-Auxiliary Learning for Micro-Expression Recognitioncited by 3
  5. 2025Causal-Ex: Causal Graph-based Micro and Macro Expression Spottingcited by 3
  6. 2022Deep Insights of Learning based Micro Expression Recognition: A Perspective on Promises, Challenges and Research Needscited by 2
  7. 2023Prior Information based Decomposition and Reconstruction Learning for Micro-Expression Recognitioncited by 2
  8. 2025FED-PsyAU: Privacy-Preserving Micro-Expression Recognition via Psychological AU Coordination and Dynamic Facial Motion Modelingcited by 2
  9. 2026Evaluating and Correcting Human Annotation Bias in Dynamic Micro-Expression Recognitioncited by 2
  10. 2026MAC 2026: Advancing Micro-Action Analysis Towards Fine-Grained Understandingcited by 2
  11. 2021Automatic Micro-Expression Apex Frame Spotting using Local Binary Pattern from Six Intersection Planescited by 1
  12. 2021Dynamic Texture Recognition using PDV Hashing and Dictionary Learning on Multi-scale Volume Local Binary Patterncited by 1
  13. 2023Multimodal Latent Emotion Recognition from Micro-expression and Physiological Signalscited by 1
  14. 2025ME-TST+: Micro-expression Analysis via Temporal State Transition with ROI Relationship Awarenesscited by 1
  15. 2025Boosting Micro-Expression Analysis via Prior-Guided Video-Level Regressioncited by 1
  16. 2025Apex-Centered Spatio-Temporal Rank Pooling and Gradient Attention for Micro-Expression Recognitioncited by 1
  17. 2025Micro-Expression Recognition via Fine-Grained Dynamic Perceptioncited by 1
  18. 2021A Dynamic 3D Spontaneous Micro-expression Database: Establishment and Evaluationcited by 0
  19. 2022Micro-Expression Recognition Based on Attribute Information Embedding and Cross-modal Contrastive Learningcited by 0
  20. 2022SDFE-LV: A Large-Scale, Multi-Source, and Unconstrained Database for Spotting Dynamic Facial Expressions in Long Videoscited by 0
  21. 2023The Manipulation Problem: Conversational AI as a Threat to Epistemic Agencycited by 0
  22. 2025AHMSA-Net: Adaptive Hierarchical Multi-Scale Attention Network for Micro-Expression Recognitioncited by 0
  23. 2025CMED: A Child Micro-Expression Datasetcited by 0
  24. 2025A Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Emotion Recognition in Children with Autism During NAO Robot-Mediated Interactioncited by 0
  25. 2026MEDN: Motion-Emotion Feature Decoupling Network for Micro-Expression Recognitioncited by 0