TILDE: A Temporally Invariant Learned DEtector
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce a learning-based approach to detect repeatable keypoints under drastic imaging changes of weather and lighting conditions to which state-of-the-art keypoint detectors are surprisingly sensitive. We first identify good keypoint candidates in multiple training images taken from the same viewpoint. We then train a regressor to predict a score map whose maxima are those points so that they can be found by simple non-maximum suppression. As there are no standard datasets to test the influence of these kinds of changes, we created our own, which we will make publicly available. We will show that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in such challenging conditions, while still achieving state-of-the-art performance on the untrained standard Oxford dataset.
Key facts. Cited by 55 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Nov 2014.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 14; 2022: 10; 2023: 12; 2024: 6; 2025: 7; 2026: 6.
55 papers.
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- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 983
- 2022TransVPR: Transformer-based place recognition with multi-level attention aggregationcited by 102
- 2021Learning to Match Features with Seeded Graph Matching Networkcited by 92
- 2021ALIKE: Accurate and Lightweight Keypoint Detection and Descriptor Extractioncited by 77
- 2023DeDoDe: Detect, Don't Describe -- Describe, Don't Detect for Local Feature Matchingcited by 63
- 2021DiscoBox: Weakly Supervised Instance Segmentation and Semantic Correspondence from Box Supervisioncited by 59
- 2024OmniGlue: Generalizable Feature Matching with Foundation Model Guidancecited by 56
- 2024DeDoDe v2: Analyzing and Improving the DeDoDe Keypoint Detectorcited by 39
- 2022BALF: Simple and Efficient Blur Aware Local Feature Detectorcited by 34
- 2022Self-Supervised Equivariant Learning for Oriented Keypoint Detectioncited by 26
- 2024Matching 2D Images in 3D: Metric Relative Pose from Metric Correspondencescited by 26
- 2023A Robust and Interpretable Deep Learning Framework for Multi-modal Registration via Keypointscited by 25
38 more
- 2022Partially Does It: Towards Scene-Level FG-SBIR with Partial Inputcited by 20
- 2021DFM: A Performance Baseline for Deep Feature Matchingcited by 17
- 2023S-TREK: Sequential Translation and Rotation Equivariant Keypoints for local feature extractioncited by 14
- 2023Two-View Geometry Scoring Without Correspondencescited by 11
- 2026LoMa: Local Feature Matching Revisitedcited by 11
- 2022AstroVision: Towards Autonomous Feature Detection and Description for Missions to Small Bodies Using Deep Learningcited by 10
- 2021Probabilistic Spatial Distribution Prior Based Attentional Keypoints Matching Networkcited by 8
- 2021DenseGAP: Graph-Structured Dense Correspondence Learning with Anchor Pointscited by 8
- 2022Sim2Real Object-Centric Keypoint Detection and Descriptioncited by 8
- 2023LFM-3D: Learnable Feature Matching Across Wide Baselines Using 3D Signalscited by 8
- 2021Matching in the Dark: A Dataset for Matching Image Pairs of Low-light Scenescited by 7
- 2022A Critical Analysis of Image-based Camera Pose Estimation Techniquescited by 7
- 2025Deep Learning Reforms Image Matching: A Survey and Outlookcited by 7
- 2021Anomaly Detection of Defect using Energy of Point Pattern Features within Random Finite Set Frameworkcited by 5
- 2021HarrisZ^+: Harris Corner Selection for Next-Gen Image Matching Pipelinescited by 5
- 2023NeSS-ST: Detecting Good and Stable Keypoints with a Neural Stability Score and the Shi-Tomasi Detectorcited by 5
- 2024Learning to Match 2D Keypoints Across Preoperative MR and Intraoperative Ultrasoundcited by 5
- 2022MD-Net: Multi-Detector for Local Feature Extractioncited by 4
- 2021Digging Into Self-Supervised Learning of Feature Descriptorscited by 3
- 2023DAC: Detector-Agnostic Spatial Covariances for Deep Local Featurescited by 3
- 2023Self-supervised Interest Point Detection and Description for Fisheye and Perspective Imagescited by 3
- 2025pySLAM: An Open-Source, Modular, and Extensible Framework for SLAMcited by 3
- 2025A 3D Cross-modal Keypoint Descriptor for MR-US Matching and Registrationcited by 3
- 2021Image Feature Information Extraction for Interest Point Detection: A Reviewcited by 2
- 2022Self-Supervised Feature Learning for Long-Term Metric Visual Localizationcited by 2
- 2025Modality-Aware Feature Matching in Visual and Vision-Language Applications: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 2
- 2021Learning to Predict Repeatability of Interest Pointscited by 1
- 2021Scale-Net: Learning to Reduce Scale Differences for Large-Scale Invariant Image Matchingcited by 1
- 2023Illumination-insensitive Binary Descriptor for Visual Measurement Based on Local Inter-patch Invariancecited by 1
- 2023Improving the matching of deformable objects by learning to detect keypointscited by 1
- 2026Understanding and Optimizing Attention-Based Sparse Matching for Diverse Local Featurescited by 1
- 2026Who Handles Orientation? Investigating Invariance in Feature Matchingcited by 1
- 2021Soft Expectation and Deep Maximization for Image Feature Detectioncited by 0
- 2022Gleo-Det: Deep Convolution Feature-Guided Detector with Local Entropy Optimization for Salient Pointscited by 0
- 2023Efficient Feature Description for Small Body Relative Navigation using Binary Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2023Residual Learning for Image Point Descriptorscited by 0
- 2024Keypoint Aware Masked Image Modellingcited by 0
- 2025Correspondence-Free Pose Estimation with Patterns: A Unified Approach for Multi-Dimensional Visioncited by 0
50 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2026RoMa-Omega: What Feed-Forward 3D Models Know About Image Matching8 Sep 2026
- 2026CrossFeat: Bridging Imaging Modalities in Feature Descriptor Space31 Aug 2026
- 2026Cross-View Feature Matching: Survey, Benchmarking, and Foundation-Model Perspectives11 Aug 2026
- 2026Who Handles Orientation? Investigating Invariance in Feature Matching13 Apr 2026
- 2026LoMa: Local Feature Matching Revisited6 Apr 2026
- 2026Understanding and Optimizing Attention-Based Sparse Matching for Diverse Local Features9 Feb 2026
- 2025Modality-Aware Feature Matching in Visual and Vision-Language Applications: A Comprehensive Survey30 Jul 2025
- 2025A 3D Cross-modal Keypoint Descriptor for MR-US Matching and Registration24 Jul 2025
- 2025RealKeyMorph: Keypoints in Real-world Coordinates for Resolution-agnostic Image Registration12 Jun 2025
- 2025Deep Learning Reforms Image Matching: A Survey and Outlook5 Jun 2025
- 2025Good Keypoints for the Two-View Geometry Estimation Problem24 Mar 2025
- 2025Correspondence-Free Pose Estimation with Patterns: A Unified Approach for Multi-Dimensional Vision26 Feb 2025
38 more
- 2025pySLAM: An Open-Source, Modular, and Extensible Framework for SLAM17 Feb 2025
- 2024Learning to Match 2D Keypoints Across Preoperative MR and Intraoperative Ultrasound12 Sep 2024
- 2024Keypoint Aware Masked Image Modelling18 Jul 2024
- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3R14 Jun 2024
- 2024OmniGlue: Generalizable Feature Matching with Foundation Model Guidance21 May 2024
- 2024DeDoDe v2: Analyzing and Improving the DeDoDe Keypoint Detector13 Apr 2024
- 2024Matching 2D Images in 3D: Metric Relative Pose from Metric Correspondences9 Apr 2024
- 2023Residual Learning for Image Point Descriptors24 Dec 2023
- 2023Improving the matching of deformable objects by learning to detect keypoints1 Sep 2023
- 2023S-TREK: Sequential Translation and Rotation Equivariant Keypoints for local feature extraction28 Aug 2023
- 2023DeDoDe: Detect, Don't Describe -- Describe, Don't Detect for Local Feature Matching16 Aug 2023
- 2023NeSS-ST: Detecting Good and Stable Keypoints with a Neural Stability Score and the Shi-Tomasi Detector3 Jul 2023
- 2023Self-supervised Interest Point Detection and Description for Fisheye and Perspective Images2 Jun 2023
- 2023Two-View Geometry Scoring Without Correspondences2 Jun 2023
- 2023DAC: Detector-Agnostic Spatial Covariances for Deep Local Features20 May 2023
- 2023Illumination-insensitive Binary Descriptor for Visual Measurement Based on Local Inter-patch Invariance13 May 2023
- 2023A Robust and Interpretable Deep Learning Framework for Multi-modal Registration via Keypoints19 Apr 2023
- 2023Efficient Feature Description for Small Body Relative Navigation using Binary Convolutional Neural Networks11 Apr 2023
- 2023LFM-3D: Learnable Feature Matching Across Wide Baselines Using 3D Signals22 Mar 2023
- 2022Self-Supervised Feature Learning for Long-Term Metric Visual Localization30 Nov 2022
- 2022BALF: Simple and Efficient Blur Aware Local Feature Detector27 Nov 2022
- 2022MD-Net: Multi-Detector for Local Feature Extraction10 Aug 2022
- 2022AstroVision: Towards Autonomous Feature Detection and Description for Missions to Small Bodies Using Deep Learning3 Aug 2022
- 2022Gleo-Det: Deep Convolution Feature-Guided Detector with Local Entropy Optimization for Salient Points27 Apr 2022
- 2022Self-Supervised Equivariant Learning for Oriented Keypoint Detection19 Apr 2022
- 2022Partially Does It: Towards Scene-Level FG-SBIR with Partial Input28 Mar 2022
- 2022Sim2Real Object-Centric Keypoint Detection and Description1 Feb 2022
- 2022A Critical Analysis of Image-based Camera Pose Estimation Techniques15 Jan 2022
- 2022TransVPR: Transformer-based place recognition with multi-level attention aggregation6 Jan 2022
- 2021Scale-Net: Learning to Reduce Scale Differences for Large-Scale Invariant Image Matching20 Dec 2021
- 2021DenseGAP: Graph-Structured Dense Correspondence Learning with Anchor Points13 Dec 2021
- 2021ALIKE: Accurate and Lightweight Keypoint Detection and Descriptor Extraction6 Dec 2021
- 2021Probabilistic Spatial Distribution Prior Based Attentional Keypoints Matching Network17 Nov 2021
- 2021Digging Into Self-Supervised Learning of Feature Descriptors10 Oct 2021
- 2021HarrisZ^+: Harris Corner Selection for Next-Gen Image Matching Pipelines27 Sep 2021
- 2021Matching in the Dark: A Dataset for Matching Image Pairs of Low-light Scenes8 Sep 2021
- 2021Anomaly Detection of Defect using Energy of Point Pattern Features within Random Finite Set Framework27 Aug 2021
- 2021Learning to Match Features with Seeded Graph Matching Network19 Aug 2021
50 newest of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 983
- 2022TransVPR: Transformer-based place recognition with multi-level attention aggregationcited by 102
- 2021Learning to Match Features with Seeded Graph Matching Networkcited by 92
- 2021ALIKE: Accurate and Lightweight Keypoint Detection and Descriptor Extractioncited by 77
- 2023DeDoDe: Detect, Don't Describe -- Describe, Don't Detect for Local Feature Matchingcited by 63
- 2021DiscoBox: Weakly Supervised Instance Segmentation and Semantic Correspondence from Box Supervisioncited by 59
- 2024OmniGlue: Generalizable Feature Matching with Foundation Model Guidancecited by 56
- 2024DeDoDe v2: Analyzing and Improving the DeDoDe Keypoint Detectorcited by 39
- 2022BALF: Simple and Efficient Blur Aware Local Feature Detectorcited by 34
- 2022Self-Supervised Equivariant Learning for Oriented Keypoint Detectioncited by 26
- 2024Matching 2D Images in 3D: Metric Relative Pose from Metric Correspondencescited by 26
- 2023A Robust and Interpretable Deep Learning Framework for Multi-modal Registration via Keypointscited by 25
12 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2026RoMa-Omega: What Feed-Forward 3D Models Know About Image Matching8 Sep 2026
- 2026CrossFeat: Bridging Imaging Modalities in Feature Descriptor Space31 Aug 2026
- 2026Cross-View Feature Matching: Survey, Benchmarking, and Foundation-Model Perspectives11 Aug 2026
- 2026Who Handles Orientation? Investigating Invariance in Feature Matching13 Apr 2026
- 2026LoMa: Local Feature Matching Revisited6 Apr 2026
- 2026Understanding and Optimizing Attention-Based Sparse Matching for Diverse Local Features9 Feb 2026
- 2025Modality-Aware Feature Matching in Visual and Vision-Language Applications: A Comprehensive Survey30 Jul 2025
- 2025A 3D Cross-modal Keypoint Descriptor for MR-US Matching and Registration24 Jul 2025
- 2025RealKeyMorph: Keypoints in Real-world Coordinates for Resolution-agnostic Image Registration12 Jun 2025
- 2025Deep Learning Reforms Image Matching: A Survey and Outlook5 Jun 2025
- 2025Good Keypoints for the Two-View Geometry Estimation Problem24 Mar 2025
- 2025Correspondence-Free Pose Estimation with Patterns: A Unified Approach for Multi-Dimensional Vision26 Feb 2025
12 newest of 55 All 55 (JSON)