# Medical and surgical world models

Area: [World models](https://mlsanity.com/wm/index.md). HTML: https://mlsanity.com/wm/medical-and-surgical-world-models/

## Key facts

- Medical and surgical world models: 55 papers on arXiv since 2019 (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- 10 of its 55 mapped papers (18%) cite “Surgical Vision World Model” (2025, arXiv 2503.02904).
- 10 of its 55 mapped papers (18%) cite “Cosmos-H-Surgical: Learning Surgical Robot Policies from Videos via World Modeling” (2025, arXiv 2512.23162).
- 16 new papers 17 Sep–14 Oct.

## Most cited here

- [Surgical Vision World Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.02904/) (2025), cited by 10 papers here
- [Cosmos-H-Surgical: Learning Surgical Robot Policies from Videos via World Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.23162/) (2025), cited by 10 papers here
- [World Models for General Surgical Grasping](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.17940/) (2024), cited by 7 papers here
- [CheXWorld: Exploring Image World Modeling for Radiograph Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.13820/) (2025), cited by 7 papers here
- [Medical World Model: Generative Simulation of Tumor Evolution for Treatment Planning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.02327/) (2025), cited by 7 papers here
- [How Far Are Surgeons from Surgical World Models? A Pilot Study on Zero-shot Surgical Video Generation with Expert Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.01775/) (2025), cited by 7 papers here
- [SAW: Toward a Surgical Action World Model via Controllable and Scalable Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.13024/) (2026), cited by 7 papers here
- [EchoWorld: Learning Motion-Aware World Models for Echocardiography Probe Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.13065/) (2025), cited by 6 papers here
- [Beyond Generative AI: World Models for Clinical Prediction, Counterfactuals, and Planning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.16333/) (2025), cited by 5 papers here
- [Towards Suturing World Models: Learning Predictive Models for Robotic Surgical Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.12531/) (2025), cited by 4 papers here

## New (17 Sep–14 Oct)

- [SonoWorld: Towards Interactive Pose-Controllable Ultrasound World Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.19327/) (2026-10-14)
- [PatientWM: Towards Generalizable Clinical World Models via Unified Patient States](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.17059/) (2026-10-12)
- [SurgCast: Action-Conditioned Future Skeletons for Controllable Surgical World Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.15645/) (2026-10-11)
- [UltraWorld: Learning Interactive Ultrasound World Models from Untracked Clinical Videos with Acoustic Sampling Map](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.09785/) (2026-10-07)
- [Patient, Place, Prior (P3): What Counts as Personalization in Medical World Models?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.09194/) (2026-10-06)
- [A Belief-State World Model for Catheter Navigation under Sparse Fluoroscopy: A Planar Proof of Concept](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.08469/) (2026-10-06)
- [Federated Bayesian Surveillance of Mechanical Thrombectomy Adverse Events: A Population Risk Layer for Surgical Digital Twins](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.08464/) (2026-10-06)
- [Ultrasound Operator Guidance Using World Modeling and Retrieval Based Action Planning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.06008/) (2026-10-05)
- [Same Predictions, Different Harms: Causal Auditing of Patient World Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.05198/) (2026-10-04)
- [Repeated-Measure Leakage, Distribution Shift, and Reliability under Partial Observation in Patient World Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.04778/) (2026-10-03)
- [VCLMU: Mechanism-Centric Virtual Cell World Modeling for Perturbation Response](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.04475/) (2026-10-03)
- [Understanding Trajectory Heterogeneity in Federated World Model Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.02957/) (2026-10-02)
- [NeuronSifter: An Agent-in-Twin for Prioritizing Central Nervous System Interventions with World Action Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.35445/) (2026-09-28)
- [Scanning While Imagining: A Scene-Graph World Model for Robotic Ultrasound Navigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.32837/) (2026-09-26)
- [REMEDY: How Far Is Video Generation from Medical Education World Models?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.32460/) (2026-09-26)
- [Intervention Granularity Matters: Coherent Treatment Bundles in Counterfactual Simulation with Clinical World Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.21906/) (2026-09-18)