# Multilingual and low-resource ASR

Area: [Speech and audio language models](https://mlsanity.com/speech/index.md). HTML: https://mlsanity.com/speech/multilingual-and-low-resource-asr/

## Key facts

- Multilingual and low-resource ASR: 1,075 papers on arXiv since 2021 (data through 19 Oct 2026).
- 171 of its 1,075 mapped papers (16%) cite “XLS-R: Self-supervised Cross-lingual Speech Representation Learning at Scale” (2021, arXiv 2111.09296).
- 170 of its 1,075 mapped papers (16%) cite “Scaling Speech Technology to 1,000+ Languages” (2023, arXiv 2305.13516).
- 18 new papers 2 Oct–19 Oct.

## Most cited here

- [XLS-R: Self-supervised Cross-lingual Speech Representation Learning at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.09296/) (2021), cited by 171 papers here
- [Scaling Speech Technology to 1,000+ Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.13516/) (2023), cited by 170 papers here
- [FLEURS: Few-shot Learning Evaluation of Universal Representations of Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.12446/) (2022), cited by 164 papers here
- [Google USM: Scaling Automatic Speech Recognition Beyond 100 Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.01037/) (2023), cited by 88 papers here
- [GigaSpeech: An Evolving, Multi-domain ASR Corpus with 10,000 Hours of Transcribed Audio](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.06909/) (2021), cited by 48 papers here
- [WenetSpeech: A 10000+ Hours Multi-domain Mandarin Corpus for Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.03370/) (2021), cited by 44 papers here
- [Scaling End-to-End Models for Large-Scale Multilingual ASR](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.14830/) (2021), cited by 41 papers here
- [Multilingual and code-switching ASR challenges for low resource Indian languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.00235/) (2021), cited by 32 papers here
- [QASR: QCRI Aljazeera Speech Resource -- A Large Scale Annotated Arabic Speech Corpus](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.13000/) (2021), cited by 31 papers here
- [Towards Building ASR Systems for the Next Billion Users](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.03945/) (2021), cited by 30 papers here

## New (2 Oct–19 Oct)

- [Evaluating Tibetan Speech Recognition Across Dialects and Adaptation Regimes: A Multi-Granularity Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.27002/) (2026-10-19)
- [Monsoon: Scalable Spontaneous Speech Collection for Low-Resource ASR in 50 Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.26776/) (2026-10-19)
- [TeleASR-Amharic: A Benchmark for Robust Amharic ASR in Realistic Telecommunication Conditions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.26448/) (2026-10-19)
- [Anuvani-LID: Robust and Calibrated Spoken Language Identification for Indian Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.20263/) (2026-10-14)
- [SEA-HELM Audio: Evaluating Multilingual ASR-LLM Pipeline Performance Across SEA-HELM Subsets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.19869/) (2026-10-14)
- [ELARSpeech: A 30K-Hour Dataset Across 675 Underrepresented Languages for Long-Tail Multilingual Speech Technologies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.19388/) (2026-10-14)
- [Mixture of Phonetic Experts Based Low-Rank Adaptation of Conformer Models for Accented English Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.26888/) (2026-10-13)
- [CAFE: Confining Feature Distillation to Language-Routed Adapters for Compact Multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.19134/) (2026-10-13)
- [Code-Switching Detection via Language-Selective Dimensions in Speech Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.18726/) (2026-10-13)
- [Nufo: A Benchmark for Ewe Automatic Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.17278/) (2026-10-12)
- [LLM-HB: Language-Aware LLM-Guided Hotword Biasing for Code-Switching ASR](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.16579/) (2026-10-12)
- [Phonologically Informed Tokenization for German Speech Recognition: A Cross-Domain Study](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.11646/) (2026-10-08)
- [Itgan at NADI 2026 shared task: Parameter-Efficient Whisper Adaptation for Robust, Mixed-Dialect and Code-Switched Arabic ASR](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.09934/) (2026-10-07)
- [Mitigating Accent-Language Confusion in Self-Supervised Speech Representations for Language Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.09486/) (2026-10-07)
- [Phoneme-Guided Initialization for LLM-based Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.08994/) (2026-10-06)
- [Automatic Speech Recognition for Low-Resource Sinhala: A Critical Review of Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.05681/) (2026-10-05)
- [Offline AI Modules: Voice-First Offline Architecture, Hardware Reference Stack, Quantization and Benchmarking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.07026/) (2026-10-04)
- [AraYoungVoices: A Diverse L1/L2 Corpus of Arabic Child and Adolescent Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.05044/) (2026-10-04)