# Medical and biomedical RAG

Area: [Retrieval-augmented generation](https://mlsanity.com/rag/index.md). HTML: https://mlsanity.com/rag/medical-and-biomedical-rag/

## Key facts

- Medical and biomedical RAG: 307 papers on arXiv since 2022 (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- 74 of its 307 mapped papers (24%) cite “Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Medicine” (2024, arXiv 2402.13178).
- 32 of its 307 mapped papers (10%) cite “Almanac: Retrieval-Augmented Language Models for Clinical Medicine” (2023, arXiv 2303.01229).
- 10 new papers 17 Sep–14 Oct.

## Most cited here

- [Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Medicine](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.13178/) (2024), cited by 74 papers here
- [Almanac: Retrieval-Augmented Language Models for Clinical Medicine](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.01229/) (2023), cited by 32 papers here
- [Improving Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Medicine with Iterative Follow-up Questions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.00727/) (2024), cited by 16 papers here
- [Medical Graph RAG: Towards Safe Medical Large Language Model via Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.04187/) (2024), cited by 14 papers here
- [Rationale-Guided Retrieval Augmented Generation for Medical Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.00300/) (2024), cited by 13 papers here
- [MMed-RAG: Versatile Multimodal RAG System for Medical Vision Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.13085/) (2024), cited by 11 papers here
- [MedRAG: Enhancing Retrieval-augmented Generation with Knowledge Graph-Elicited Reasoning for Healthcare Copilot](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.04413/) (2025), cited by 11 papers here
- [Improving Medical Reasoning through Retrieval and Self-Reflection with Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.15269/) (2024), cited by 8 papers here
- [MKRAG: Medical Knowledge Retrieval Augmented Generation for Medical Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.16035/) (2023), cited by 6 papers here
- [BiomedRAG: A Retrieval Augmented Large Language Model for Biomedicine](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.00465/) (2024), cited by 6 papers here

## New (17 Sep–14 Oct)

- [ARMED: Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Medication Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.16440/) (2026-10-12)
- [Improving the Evaluation of Biomedical Question Answering with Few Human Preference Signals](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.16008/) (2026-10-12)
- [Training-Free BioNEL-RAG: Advancing Biomedical Entity Linking through Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Large Language Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.14789/) (2026-10-10)
- [Retrieval-Augmented Multimodal Language Model with Heterogeneous Evidence Integration for Clinical Prognosis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.13510/) (2026-10-09)
- [BEACON-SP: Ontology-Grounded GraphRAG Framework for Clinical Suicide Risk Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.09026/) (2026-10-06)
- [MeddeX: A Retrieval-Augmented LLaMA-3 System with Gemini Vision for Evidence-Backed Medical Report Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.20632/) (2026-09-30)
- [ARCagent: An Adaptive Retrieval Calibration Agent for Clinical Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.36392/) (2026-09-28)
- [CRISS: A Retrieval-Augmented AI Chatbot for Assisting Cancer Registrars](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.29075/) (2026-09-24)
- [When Retrieval Hurts: Measuring and Explaining Retrieval-Induced Hallucination in Chest X-ray Report Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.31733/) (2026-09-22)
- [FootprintRAG: Visual Analytics for Evidence Context Refinement in RAG-based Scientific Literature Exploration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.19601/) (2026-09-17)