# Anuvani-Diarization: Zero Shot Speaker Diarization and Annotation Conventions Across 22 Languages

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20327 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.20327/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 28 of its 58 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 14 Oct 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 28 of 28)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.08100/) (2020)
- [WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.13900/) (2021)
- [A Review of Speaker Diarization: Recent Advances with Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.09624/) (2021)
- [Powerset multi-class cross entropy loss for neural speaker diarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.13025/) (2023)
- [Wespeaker: A Research and Production oriented Speaker Embedding Learning Toolkit](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.17016/) (2022)
- [End-to-End Neural Speaker Diarization with Permutation-Free Objectives](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.05952/) (2019)
- [Spot the conversation: speaker diarisation in the wild](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.01216/) (2020)
- [A Survey of Code-switched Speech and Language Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.00784/) (2019)
- [Bayesian HMM clustering of x-vector sequences (VBx) in speaker diarization: theory, implementation and analysis on standard tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.14952/) (2020)
- [M2MeT: The ICASSP 2022 Multi-Channel Multi-Party Meeting Transcription Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.07393/) (2021)
- [AISHELL-4: An Open Source Dataset for Speech Enhancement, Separation, Recognition and Speaker Diarization in Conference Scenario](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.03603/) (2021)
- [Multilingual and code-switching ASR challenges for low resource Indian languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.00235/) (2021)
- [The Third DIHARD Diarization Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.01477/) (2020)
- [Towards Building ASR Systems for the Next Billion Users](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.03945/) (2021)
- [IndicVoices: Towards building an Inclusive Multilingual Speech Dataset for Indian Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.01926/) (2024)
- [Open Source MagicData-RAMC: A Rich Annotated Mandarin Conversational(RAMC) Speech Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.16844/) (2022)
- [IndicSUPERB: A Speech Processing Universal Performance Benchmark for Indian languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.11761/) (2022)
- [Integrating end-to-end neural and clustering-based diarization: Getting the best of both worlds](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.13366/) (2020)
- [NOTSOFAR-1 Challenge: New Datasets, Baseline, and Tasks for Distant Meeting Transcription](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.08887/) (2024)
- [Sortformer: A Novel Approach for Permutation-Resolved Speaker Supervision in Speech-to-Text Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.06656/) (2024)
- [SPRING-INX: A Multilingual Indian Language Speech Corpus by SPRING Lab, IIT Madras](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.14654/) (2023)
- [Streaming Sortformer: Speaker Cache-Based Online Speaker Diarization with Arrival-Time Ordering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.18446/) (2025)
- [Efficient and Robust Speaker Diarization via Structured Pruning of Self-Supervised Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.18623/) (2025)
- [The Second DISPLACE Challenge : DIarization of SPeaker and LAnguage in Conversational Environments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.09494/) (2024)
- [Tight Boundary Prediction in Speaker Diarization Using Causal-Anticausal Consistency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.11795/) (2026)
- [Indic DiarBench: A Multilingual Joint Diarization and ASR Benchmark for Indian Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.23808/) (2026)
- [Diarization Error Decomposition Under Pause Annotation Ambiguity](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.11007/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

India's 22 scheduled languages are spoken by over a billion people in conversations that mix languages, often within one turn, overlap freely, and take place over telephones, in meetings, and in media. Knowing who spoke when, the task of speaker diarization, is essential to speech applications for such conversation: voice agents conversing with several people at once, speaker attributed transcription of meetings and calls, contact center analytics, and media monitoring. We present a systematic study of speaker diarization across all 22 languages on IndicDiarBench and introduce Anuvani-Diarization, which adapts a self-supervised end-to-end segmentation model to Indian conversation with uncertainty aware silver supervision. Evaluated zero shot alongside nine recent diarization systems, it reaches a duration weighted diarization error rate (DER) of 16.78% on all 1,164 recordings, the lowest of all systems we ran and second only to the best published result (16.0%), and leads the three strongest rivals in 14 of 22 languages. It matches its parent on six international benchmarks. We also show that the benchmark's utterance level annotation convention is a hidden variable worth 1.9 to 4.1 DER points, depending on the system, and that a convention learned from other Indian transcriptions does not transfer.