# Systemization of Knowledge (SoK): Human-Centered AI Safety for Youth

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08554 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.08554/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 3 of its 175 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 Oct 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [The AI risk repository: A meta-review, database, and taxonomy of risks from artificial intelligence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.12622/) (2024)
- [Understanding Generative AI Risks for Youth: A Taxonomy Based on Empirical Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.16383/) (2025)
- [Mapping AI Risk Mitigations: Evidence Scan and Preliminary AI Risk Mitigation Taxonomy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.11931/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

While HCI increasingly examines AI-safety for youth, the literature lacks a comprehensive view of what risks have been identified, how they are addressed, and whether proposed protections work in-practice. We systematically reviewed 100 empirical HCI studies involving children and youth interacting with or exposed to AI across schools, homes, care settings, and public services. Using the YAIR taxonomy for risks and the MIT Mitigation Taxonomy for countermeasures, we map which risks have been identified, whether each risk is addressed by countermeasure(s), and whether each countermeasure for that risk is implemented and even evaluated. The risk-countermeasure mapping shows that most risks are matched only with proposed/ideated countermeasures; few countermeasures have been implemented, and fewer still evaluated; and existing evaluations often measure technical performance rather than protection from harm. We identify where coverage is absent, where safeguards remain untested, and propose concrete directions for HCI research to strengthen youth AI-safety.