# Structural-Functional Brain Connectivity Generation via Multimodal Hypergraph-based Flow Matching

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02722 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.02722/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Medical imaging and segmentation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models.
- Builds on 17 of its 43 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Oct 2026.

## Placed in

- Diffusion models / [Medical imaging and segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/diffusion/medical-imaging-and-segmentation/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 17 of 17)

- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11239/) (2020)
- [Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.13456/) (2020)
- [Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.09748/) (2022)
- [Flow Matching for Generative Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.02747/) (2022)
- [Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.03003/) (2022)
- [DiGress: Discrete Denoising diffusion for graph generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.14734/) (2022)
- [Hypergraph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.09401/) (2018)
- [GraphRNN: Generating Realistic Graphs with Deep Auto-regressive Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.08773/) (2018)
- [GraphVAE: Towards Generation of Small Graphs Using Variational Autoencoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.03480/) (2018)
- [Hypergraph Convolution and Hypergraph Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.08150/) (2019)
- [NetGAN: Generating Graphs via Random Walks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.00816/) (2018)
- [Networks beyond pairwise interactions: structure and dynamics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.01764/) (2020)
- [HYGENE: A Diffusion-based Hypergraph Generation Method](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.16457/) (2024)
- [Brain Multigraph Prediction using Topology-Aware Adversarial Graph Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.02565/) (2021)
- [Graph-Regularized Manifold-Aware Conditional Wasserstein GAN for Brain Functional Connectivity Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.05316/) (2022)
- [BrainNetDiff: Generative AI Empowers Brain Network Generation via Multimodal Diffusion Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.05199/) (2023)
- [SFC-GAN: A Generative Adversarial Network for Brain Functional and Structural Connectome Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.07055/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) provide complementary information on interactions between brain regions and are widely used in neuroimaging studies of neuropsychiatric disorders. Generative modelling can alleviate the scarcity of large-scale paired SC-FC data, but existing approaches typically use pairwise graphs that capture only dyadic interactions and often generate SC and FC independently, limiting preservation of higher-order structure-function relationships. We propose a Multimodal Hypergraph Flow Matching (MHG-FM) framework for joint SC-FC connectivity generation and cross-modal translation. MHG-FM constructs modality-specific hypergraphs, learns higher-order representations with Hypergraph Neural Network (HGNN) encoders, and performs bidirectional cross-modal fusion using Dual Cross-Attention (DCA). A variational autoencoder maps the fused representations to a compact latent space, where conditional flow matching enables connectivity synthesis and multimodal translation via latent transport. Experiments on the Human Connectome Project Young Adult (HCP-YA) dataset show that MHG-FM outperforms several state-of-the-art baselines in reconstruction quality, topology preservation, distributional similarity, and SC-FC coupling, while achieving approximately 8x faster sampling than a matched diffusion backbone.