# Decode-Latency Feedback Prefill: A Model-Free Controller and Its Generalization Limits

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38386 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.38386/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 12 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 Sep 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Qwen3 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.09388/) (2025)
- [Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.06180/) (2023)
- [DistServe: Disaggregating Prefill and Decoding for Goodput-optimized Large Language Model Serving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.09670/) (2024)
- [Splitwise: Efficient generative LLM inference using phase splitting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.18677/) (2023)
- [Taming Throughput-Latency Tradeoff in LLM Inference with Sarathi-Serve](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.02310/) (2024)
- [Fairness-Aware and Latency-Controllable Scheduling for Chunked-Prefill LLM Serving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.09061/) (2026)
- [Deadline-Aware Adaptive Prefill Chunking for Efficient Large Language Model Serving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.07883/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Concurrent autoregressive inference creates a fundamental interference problem: prefilling a newly arrived long prompt can delay tokens for requests that are already decoding. Fixed prefill chunks reduce this interference, but the best chunk size depends on the model, hardware, load, and latency objective. We introduce Decode-Latency Feedback Prefill (DLFP), a model-free controller that changes only prefill work that overlaps active decodes. After a guarded scheduling cycle, DLFP uses the observed interval as proportional feedback to resize the next prefill chunk; isolated prefills remain unrestricted. We implement DLFP in vLLM and evaluate it with open-loop Poisson arrivals, exact token accounting, raw request traces, and NVIDIA telemetry. On Qwen3-0.6B in BF16 on one A100 80 GB GPU, three paired 100-request trials reduce P99 inter-token latency by 24.8%, 30.1%, and 28.2% (mean 27.7%, paired 95% confidence interval 21.0% to 34.3%) with exact output agreement, no failures, and unchanged SLO compliance. The benefit is not free: mean P99 time to first token increases 34.8% while remaining inside the declared SLO. Crucially, the mechanism does not generalize to Qwen3-8B, Qwen3-32B, or a two-GPU tensor-parallel configuration. We trace the failure to an asynchronous scheduler-call interval that is only a proxy for completed GPU iteration time. This negative result defines the boundary of the contribution and motivates a completion-timed controller for concurrent CPU and on-device inference. We do not claim mobile-device performance; the present work is a reproducible proof-of-concept and generalization study.