# Raven: The Harness of Harnesses for Composable Agentic Intelligence

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.33439 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.33439/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 36 of its 81 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Sep 2026.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks](https://mlsanity.com/agents/general-llm-agent-frameworks-and-benchmarks/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 36)

- [ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.03629/) (2022)
- [Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.03374/) (2021)
- [Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.16291/) (2023)
- [AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.08155/) (2023)
- [MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.08560/) (2023)
- [AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.03688/) (2023)
- [Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.19413/) (2025)
- [BrowseComp: A Simple Yet Challenging Benchmark for Browsing Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.12516/) (2025)
- [Humanity's Last Exam](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.14249/) (2025)
- [AFlow: Automating Agentic Workflow Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.10762/) (2024)
- [Illuminating search spaces by mapping elites](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1504.04909/) (2015)
- [Zep: A Temporal Knowledge Graph Architecture for Agent Memory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.13956/) (2025)
- [SkillsBench: Benchmarking How Well Agent Skills Work Across Diverse Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.12670/) (2026)
- [Memory in the Age of AI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.13564/) (2025)
- [SWE-Bench Pro: Can AI Agents Solve Long-Horizon Software Engineering Tasks?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.16941/) (2025)
- [Magentic-One: A Generalist Multi-Agent System for Solving Complex Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.04468/) (2024)
- [SkillWeaver: Web Agents can Self-Improve by Discovering and Honing Skills](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.07079/) (2025)
- [MIRIX: Multi-Agent Memory System for LLM-Based Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.07957/) (2025)
- [MemOS: A Memory OS for AI System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.03724/) (2025)
- [Towards a Science of Scaling Agent Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.08296/) (2025)
- [xbench: Tracking Agents Productivity Scaling with Profession-Aligned Real-World Evaluations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.13651/) (2025)
- [SkillRouter: Skill Routing for LLM Agents at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.22455/) (2026)
- [ArtifactsBench: Bridging the Visual-Interactive Gap in LLM Code Generation Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.04952/) (2025)
- [MiroThinker-1.7 & H1: Towards Heavy-Duty Research Agents via Verification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.15726/) (2026)
- [MiroFlow: Towards High-Performance and Robust Open-Source Agent Framework for General Deep Research Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.22808/) (2026)
- [PresentBench: A Fine-Grained Rubric-Based Benchmark for Slide Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.07244/) (2026)
- [HarnessBank: Semantic Gene-Bank Search with Gated Verification for Agent-Harness Self-Evolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.13683/) (2026)
- [HarnessDev: Can LLMs Create and Evolve Their Own Agent Harness?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.01437/) (2026)
- [EvoAgentBench: Benchmarking Agent Self-Evolution via Ability Transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.05202/) (2026)
- [Can AI Agents Answer Your Data Questions? A Benchmark for Data Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.20576/) (2026)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Scaling Trajectories for Complex Tasks through Recursive Self-Rewrite](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.02826/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

As large language models advance, AI agents are moving beyond isolated, domain-specific tasks toward long-horizon, cross-domain workflows. This transition exposes two challenges: increasing harness complexity makes manual design difficult to scale, while tighter coupling to specific domains limits the generality of a single harness. The central question thus shifts from how to engineer a stronger harness for one domain to how to autonomously construct specialized harnesses, improve them through experience, and orchestrate them across domains. We introduce Raven, The Harness of Harnesses, an open-source multi-agent ecosystem that automatically constructs and evolves modular harnesses for specific models and domains, treating each executable model--harness pair as a composable unit of intelligence. To support an All-Domain Collaboration Network, its Host Agent decomposes goals, matches subtasks to specialized agents, coordinates execution dependencies, and integrates results, while a host archive and EverOS preserve experience across tasks and Skill Forge makes that experience available as reusable procedures. Our theory establishes sufficient conditions for such composition to expand reliable task coverage beyond that of the available individual agents under a shared resource budget. On complex and long-horizon tasks, Raven significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art agent systems, pushing the frontier of composable agentic intelligence.