# QReason: Query-Focused Decoupled Chain-of-Thought for Efficient Passage Reranking

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30904 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.30904/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Knowledge- and tool-augmented reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning.
- Builds on 13 of its 42 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 25 Sep 2026.

## Placed in

- LLM reasoning / [Knowledge- and tool-augmented reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/lr/knowledge-and-tool-augmented-reasoning/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 13 of 13)

- [GPT-4 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.08774/) (2023)
- [The Llama 3 Herd of Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.21783/) (2024)
- [DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.03300/) (2024)
- [Qwen3 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.09388/) (2025)
- [Qwen2.5 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.15115/) (2024)
- [Qwen3 Embedding: Advancing Text Embedding and Reranking Through Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.05176/) (2025)
- [RankZephyr: Effective and Robust Zero-Shot Listwise Reranking is a Breeze!](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.02724/) (2023)
- [Zero-Shot Listwise Document Reranking with a Large Language Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.02156/) (2023)
- [RankVicuna: Zero-Shot Listwise Document Reranking with Open-Source Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.15088/) (2023)
- [Query Expansion by Prompting Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.03653/) (2023)
- [Rank-K: Test-Time Reasoning for Listwise Reranking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.14432/) (2025)
- [NeuCLIRBench: A Modern Evaluation Collection for Monolingual, Cross-Language, and Multilingual Information Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.14758/) (2025)
- [Training Documents Reranker with Search Rubrics for Deep Research Agent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.03527/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Passage reranking plays a crucial role in information retrieval by refining the ordering of candidate passages to better reflect relevance. Existing listwise LLM rerankers with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning can handle complex queries effectively, but they suffer from substantial redundancy and high latency due to sliding-window strategies, which repeatedly generate highly similar CoTs. To address this, we propose QReason, a decoupled framework that separates query-focused reasoning from window-specific passage relevance assessment. Specifically, QReason introduces a dedicated rewriter that generates a ranking-oriented reasoning query once, capturing the query's core intent while avoiding redundant reasoning, and then reuses it across all windows with a non-reasoning reranker. The rewriter is trained via a two-stage process that first uses supervised fine-tuning with relevant-passage guidance through semantic evidence to produce deeply grounded, query-focused CoTs. It then applies reinforcement learning to align CoT generation with both the inference-time setting and the reranking objective, optimizing listwise metrics and passage-level discrimination to produce reusable reasoning chains for reranking. Experiments on the BRIGHT benchmark demonstrate that QReason significantly reduces redundant reasoning, achieves ranking performance comparable to or better than strong reasoning-based rerankers, and outperforms existing query rewriting models.