# GAUDI: Geometry-Aware Diffusion for Calibrated Air-Quality Time-Series Imputation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30340 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.30340/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 17 of its 21 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 24 Sep 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 17 of 17)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11239/) (2020)
- [Efficiently Modeling Long Sequences with Structured State Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.00396/) (2021)
- [CSDI: Conditional Score-based Diffusion Models for Probabilistic Time Series Imputation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.03502/) (2021)
- [Recurrent Neural Networks for Multivariate Time Series with Missing Values](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.01865/) (2016)
- [GAIN: Missing Data Imputation using Generative Adversarial Nets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.02920/) (2018)
- [BRITS: Bidirectional Recurrent Imputation for Time Series](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.10572/) (2018)
- [Diffusion-based Time Series Imputation and Forecasting with Structured State Space Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.09399/) (2022)
- [SAITS: Self-Attention-based Imputation for Time Series](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.08516/) (2022)
- [TSI-Bench: Benchmarking Time Series Imputation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.12747/) (2024)
- [How Early Is Early Enough? Design-Dependent Observation-Window Sufficiency in Subscription Churn Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.00473/) (2026)
- [Adaptive Context Length Optimization with Low-Frequency Truncation for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.26389/) (2025)
- [Self-attention-based Diffusion Model for Time-series Imputation in Partial Blackout Scenarios](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.01737/) (2025)
- [MAVEN-T: Reinforced Heterogeneous Distillation for Real-Time Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.10169/) (2026)
- [Bridging Dual Knowledge Graphs for Multi-Hop Question Answering in Construction Safety](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.13625/) (2025)
- [FADTI: Fourier and Attention Driven Diffusion for Multivariate Time Series Imputation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.15116/) (2025)
- [Decomposing Firm-Level Crisis Responses from Incomplete Market Signals: Evidence from China's IT Sector During COVID-19](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.10297/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Air-quality sensor outages often create contiguous missing blocks, where side information useful for isolated missingness may be less reliable. We study a block-specific, GAUDI-aligned conditional diffusion imputer that retains temporal and feature processing, visible-value and mask conditioning, variable identity, and diffusion-step information, while suppressing absolute time-position side embeddings. On ItalyAir (13 variables, length-32 windows, nominal 50% block missingness; three archived seeds), this feature-side configuration achieves RMSE 0.340, versus 0.355 for full context and 0.355 for local CSDI. The experiment isolates a geometry-aware conditioning effect under block missingness.