# Emergi-PersonaOS: A Persona Agent Operating System for Situational Adaptation and Controllable Evolution

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27417 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.27417/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 33 of its 59 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 23 Sep 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 33)

- [Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.11366/) (2023)
- [Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.03442/) (2023)
- [Locating and Editing Factual Associations in GPT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.05262/) (2022)
- [MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.08560/) (2023)
- [Editing Large Language Models: Problems, Methods, and Opportunities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.13172/) (2023)
- [Character-LLM: A Trainable Agent for Role-Playing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.10158/) (2023)
- [From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.18231/) (2024)
- [InCharacter: Evaluating Personality Fidelity in Role-Playing Agents through Psychological Interviews](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.17976/) (2023)
- [RoleLLM: Benchmarking, Eliciting, and Enhancing Role-Playing Abilities of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.00746/) (2023)
- [CharacterEval: A Chinese Benchmark for Role-Playing Conversational Agent Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.01275/) (2024)
- [AIOS: LLM Agent Operating System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.16971/) (2024)
- [When Large Language Models Meet Personalization: Perspectives of Challenges and Opportunities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.16376/) (2023)
- [The Personality Illusion: Revealing Dissociation Between Self-Reports & Behavior in LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.03730/) (2025)
- [Persistent Instability in LLM's Personality Measurements: Effects of Scale, Reasoning, and Conversation History](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.04826/) (2025)
- [Useful Memories Become Faulty When Continuously Updated by LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.12978/) (2026)
- [Evolving Agents: Interactive Simulation of Dynamic and Diverse Human Personalities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.02718/) (2024)
- [BeliefShift: Benchmarking Temporal Belief Consistency and Opinion Drift in LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.23848/) (2026)
- [Beyond Similarity: Trustworthy Memory Search for Personal AI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.06054/) (2026)
- [TOKI: A Bitemporal Operator Algebra for Contradiction Resolution in LLM-Agent Persistent Memory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.06240/) (2026)
- [Revealing Personality Traits: A New Benchmark Dataset for Explainable Personality Recognition on Dialogues](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.19723/) (2024)
- [TRUSTMEM: Learning Trustworthy Memory Consolidation for LLM Agents with Long-Term Memory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.25161/) (2026)
- [Beyond Fixed Psychological Personas: State Beats Trait, but Language Models are State-Blind](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.15395/) (2026)
- [PTCBENCH: Benchmarking Contextual Stability of Personality Traits in LLM Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.00016/) (2026)
- [Personality Expression Across Contexts: Linguistic and Behavioral Variation in LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.01063/) (2026)
- [Dynamic Personality Adaptation in Large Language Models via State Machines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.22157/) (2026)
- [PersonaTree: Structured Lifecycle Memory for Person Understanding in LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.04780/) (2026)
- [ArcANE: Do Role-Playing Language Agents Stay in Character at the Right Time?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.05553/) (2026)
- [PGMem: Tightly Coupled Persona-Memory Graph for Lifelong Personalized Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.01708/) (2026)
- [DREAM: LLM-based Dynamic Role-playing via Event-Aware Memory Graph](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.05170/) (2026)
- [Do AI Personas Grow? Analyzing and Benchmarking Personality Evolution in LLM Agents After Life Events](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.06485/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Symbiosis between humans and digital beings offers a vision for the future of human--machine interaction. In enduring human--machine relationships, personality provides a foundation for continuity of identity, individuality in interaction, and development through experience. We investigate this capacity through persona agents as computational implementations and introduce Emergi-PersonaOS, a psychology-grounded operating system for managing persona objects throughout their lifecycle. The system organizes dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations, and narrative identity into a three-layer persona representation, distinguishing relatively enduring persona beliefs from their activation in the current persona state. During situational adaptation, it integrates the current interlocutor, relationship, event, and retrieved memories to infer a persona state and generate actions and replies; during long-term development, it records experiences and outcomes, and develops and evaluates revision candidates through change attribution, meaning-making, and behavioral testing. Belief updates are managed through explicit review, traceable evidence and version records, and the ability to reject candidates, making persona evolution controllable. Using television-character dialogue as longitudinal material, we demonstrate long-horizon system operation and examine its principal mechanisms in a concrete implementation. This work provides a computational framework for persona agents to maintain individual continuity, produce situation-specific expression, and develop through experience over sustained interaction.