# ASTRA-SR: Atmospheric Seeing and Turbulence Restoration for Astronomical Image Super-Resolution

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26731 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.26731/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 28 of its 44 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Sep 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 28 of 28)

- [Restormer: Efficient Transformer for High-Resolution Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.09881/) (2021)
- [Simple Baselines for Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.04676/) (2022)
- [Plug-and-Play Image Restoration with Deep Denoiser Prior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.13751/) (2020)
- [ResShift: Efficient Diffusion Model for Image Super-resolution by Residual Shifting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.12348/) (2023)
- [MambaIR: A Simple Baseline for Image Restoration with State-Space Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.15648/) (2024)
- [SeeSR: Towards Semantics-Aware Real-World Image Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.16518/) (2023)
- [Efficient Frequency Domain-based Transformers for High-Quality Image Deblurring](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.12250/) (2022)
- [Neural Blind Deconvolution Using Deep Priors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.02197/) (2019)
- [Parallel Diffusion Models of Operator and Image for Blind Inverse Problems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.10656/) (2022)
- [AdaIR: Adaptive All-in-One Image Restoration via Frequency Mining and Modulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.14614/) (2024)
- [MambaIRv2: Attentive State Space Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.15269/) (2024)
- [Accelerating Atmospheric Turbulence Simulation via Learned Phase-to-Space Transform](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.11627/) (2021)
- [Noise2Fast: Fast Self-Supervised Single Image Blind Denoising](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.10209/) (2021)
- [The Eleventh NTIRE 2026 Efficient Super-Resolution Challenge Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.03198/) (2026)
- [RealX3D: A Physically-Degraded 3D Benchmark for Multi-view Visual Restoration and Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.23437/) (2025)
- [Residual Diffusion Bridge Model for Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.23116/) (2025)
- [Learning Phase Distortion with Selective State Space Models for Video Turbulence Mitigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.02697/) (2025)
- [Denoising the Deep Sky: Physics-Based CCD Noise Formation for Astronomical Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.23276/) (2026)
- [Dual-Branch Remote Sensing Infrared Image Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.10112/) (2026)
- [Deeper detection limits in astronomical imaging using self-supervised spatiotemporal denoising](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.17205/) (2026)
- [Training-Free Model Ensemble for Single-Image Super-Resolution via Strong-Branch Compensation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.11564/) (2026)
- [Unsupervised Imaging Inverse Problems with Diffusion Distribution Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.14605/) (2025)
- [Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoising](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.11468/) (2026)
- [Statistical Characteristic-Guided Denoising for Rapid High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.18834/) (2026)
- [RAWild: Sensor-Agnostic RAW Object Detection via Physics-Guided Curve and Grid Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.05941/) (2026)
- [FluxFlow: Conservative Flow-Matching for Astronomical Image Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.03749/) (2026)
- [Super Resolved Imaging with Adaptive Optics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.04648/) (2025)
- [Continuous Exposure-Time Modeling for Realistic Atmospheric Turbulence Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.01398/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Ground-based planetary imaging suffers from atmospheric turbulence, sensor noise, and limited sampling, making restoration a joint denoising, deblurring, and super-resolution problem. We present ASTRA-SR, a blind single-frame restoration framework trained on a physics-grounded synthetic dataset. High-dynamic-range spacecraft RAW observations serve as clean sources, and paired LR inputs are synthesized using measured layer-integrated turbulence strengths, propagated moving phase screens, exposure-averaged spatially varying PSFs, and sensor noise.ASTRA-SR first estimates a noise-suppressed but blur-retaining LR image, then restores spatial structure through multiscale processing and reconstructs HR detail with serial spatial-amplitude refinement. It yields a 0.49 dB foreground PSNR gain over the strongest baseline approaches.