# Initialization and Stopping Tolerance in CPU Dermoscopic Segmentation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25685 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.25685/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 30 of its 66 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Sep 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 30)

- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [Segment Anything](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.02643/) (2023)
- [UNet++: A Nested U-Net Architecture for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.10165/) (2018)
- [Attention U-Net: Learning Where to Look for the Pancreas](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.03999/) (2018)
- [Swin-Unet: Unet-like Pure Transformer for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.05537/) (2021)
- [Generalised Dice overlap as a deep learning loss function for highly unbalanced segmentations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.03237/) (2017)
- [Skin Lesion Analysis Toward Melanoma Detection: A Challenge at the 2017 International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), Hosted by the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.05006/) (2017)
- [UNet 3+: A Full-Scale Connected UNet for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.08790/) (2020)
- [Medical Transformer: Gated Axial-Attention for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.10662/) (2021)
- [TransFuse: Fusing Transformers and CNNs for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.08005/) (2021)
- [NaVid: Video-based VLM Plans the Next Step for Vision-and-Language Navigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.15852/) (2024)
- [CE-Net: Context Encoder Network for 2D Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.02740/) (2019)
- [MultiResUNet : Rethinking the U-Net Architecture for Multimodal Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.04049/) (2019)
- [Metrics reloaded: Recommendations for image analysis validation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.01653/) (2022)
- [UNeXt: MLP-based Rapid Medical Image Segmentation Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.04967/) (2022)
- [Recurrent Residual Convolutional Neural Network based on U-Net (R2U-Net) for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.06955/) (2018)
- [DoubleU-Net: A Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.04868/) (2020)
- [MALUNet: A Multi-Attention and Light-weight UNet for Skin Lesion Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.01784/) (2022)
- [Understanding metric-related pitfalls in image analysis validation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.01790/) (2023)
- [EGE-UNet: an Efficient Group Enhanced UNet for skin lesion segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.08473/) (2023)
- [A0: An Affordance-Aware Hierarchical Model for General Robotic Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.12636/) (2025)
- [Boundary-aware Transformers for Skin Lesion Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.03864/) (2021)
- [Self Correspondence Distillation for End-to-End Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.13765/) (2023)
- [HCF-Net: Hierarchical Context Fusion Network for Infrared Small Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.10778/) (2024)
- [Spectral Prompt Tuning:Unveiling Unseen Classes for Zero-Shot Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.12754/) (2023)
- [BI-GCN: Boundary-Aware Input-Dependent Graph Convolution Network for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.14775/) (2021)
- [Generalization Boosted Adapter for Open-Vocabulary Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.08468/) (2024)
- [A1: A Fully Transparent Open-Source, Adaptive and Efficient Truncated Vision-Language-Action Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.05672/) (2026)
- [Accurate Lung Nodules Segmentation with Detailed Representation Transfer and Soft Mask Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.14556/) (2020)
- [LaplacianFormer:Rethinking Linear Attention with Laplacian Kernel](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.20368/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Contour initialization and numerical stopping can jointly affect the evaluation of active-contour segmentation. We examine their interaction using the open-source scikit-image Chan-Vese implementation on a resized ISIC 2017 mirror. A fixed development set of 100 images selects a common input channel; all 600 images in the repository's held-out partition are then evaluated. Otsu thresholding is compared with checkerboard-, disk-, and Otsu-initialized contours under default and tighter level-set tolerances. At the default tolerance, Otsu initialization increases mean image Dice from 0.6011 to 0.6660 relative to checkerboard initialization, a paired difference of 0.0649 (95% image-bootstrap interval [0.0452, 0.0860]). Otsu thresholding alone achieves 0.6897. The default disk initializer stops after one iteration on 471 images. Tightening the tolerance reduces the Otsu-seed advantage over checkerboard initialization to 0.0197, with most runs reaching the 500-iteration limit. The default-tolerance advantage also reverses between small- and large-lesion strata. These findings show that an improvement over a generic initializer can coexist with deterioration relative to the threshold baseline. Evaluations should retain the unrefined mask as a comparator and report the initial-field definition, stopping tolerance, and observed iteration counts together.