# 3D Gait-Based Autism Classification Using Attention-Enhanced Deep Learning with Cross-Fold Statistical Stability Analysis

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14159 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.14159/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 3 of its 49 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 12 Sep 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [SkateFormer: Skeletal-Temporal Transformer for Human Action Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.09508/) (2024)
- [Empirical Analysis of Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection Using 3D Video Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.01202/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition whose early diagnosis remains challenging because conventional clinical assessments are often subjective, time-consuming, and require expert evaluation. Gait provides a promising non-invasive behavioral biomarker for auto- mated ASD screening; however, existing studies have primarily relied on single-dataset evaluations, convolutional architectures, and descriptive summaries of cross-validation performance without formally assessing fold-to-fold stability. This study addresses these gaps with an attention-enhanced Transformer framework for ASD classification, evaluated on two structurally different 3D gait feature representations: precomputed statistical gait descriptors and raw biomechanical ground-reaction- force measurements. Under five-fold cross-validation, the proposed framework achieved 99.00% accuracy, 99.02% precision, 99.00% recall, 99.00% F1-score, and 99.00% specificity on the public Kinect-based benchmark, exceeding the performance of the compared state-of-the-art methods. On the independent private force-plate dataset, it achieved mean values of 95.00% accuracy, 93.81% precision, 96.67% recall, 95.13% F1-score, and 93.33% specificity.