# CWF: A Collaborative Writing Framework for Personalized and Reliable Popular Science Writing

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.06126 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.06126/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 20 of its 72 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 5 Sep 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 20 of 20)

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- [Self-RAG: Learning to Retrieve, Generate, and Critique through Self-Reflection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.11511/) (2023)
- [FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.14251/) (2023)
- [Fact or Fiction: Verifying Scientific Claims](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.14974/) (2020)
- [LaMP: When Large Language Models Meet Personalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.11406/) (2023)
- [Assisting in Writing Wikipedia-like Articles From Scratch with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.14207/) (2024)
- [MixLoRA: Enhancing Large Language Models Fine-Tuning with LoRA-based Mixture of Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.15159/) (2024)
- [Making Science Simple: Corpora for the Lay Summarisation of Scientific Literature](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.09932/) (2022)
- [Automated Lay Language Summarization of Biomedical Scientific Reviews](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.12573/) (2020)
- [Into the Unknown Unknowns: Engaged Human Learning through Participation in Language Model Agent Conversations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.15232/) (2024)
- [Towards Detecting LLMs Hallucination via Markov Chain-based Multi-agent Debate Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.03075/) (2024)
- [Know Your Audience: The benefits and pitfalls of generating plain language summaries beyond the "general" audience](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.04979/) (2024)
- [Step-Back Profiling: Distilling User History for Personalized Scientific Writing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.14275/) (2024)
- [Steering AI-Driven Personalization of Scientific Text for General Audiences](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.09969/) (2024)
- [Audience-Centric Natural Language Generation via Style Infusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.10283/) (2023)
- [VTechAGP: An Academic-to-General-Audience Text Paraphrase Dataset and Benchmark Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.04825/) (2024)
- [JRE-L: Journalist, Reader, and Editor LLMs in the Loop for Science Journalism for the General Audience](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.16865/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce Personalized and Reliable Popular Science Writing, a novel task that requires adapting scientific explanations to audiences with different cognitive levels while preserving factual accuracy. However, improving personalization often introduces simplifications that increase the risk of hallucination and factual distortion. To address these challenges, we first construct a dataset of 39,134 entries and a reader-centric Personalized Science Communication Benchmark (PSCB) that jointly evaluates audience adaptation and factual accuracy. To reduce data and computational requirements while improving generalization across domains and audiences, we introduce DA-MoE, which explicitly decouples audience adaptation from domain knowledge through separate modeling. To enable robust verification and revision in evidence-scarce scenarios, a multi-agent fact-checking mechanism that augments limited evidence with role-specific agent debate and propagates confidence over a graph is proposed. Experiments on PSCB show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance. Our code is open-sourced at https://github.com/DPInnovationWorks/CWF.