# Who Speaks for the Pruned? Visual Token Pruning as Coverage Optimization

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03158 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.03158/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Visual token pruning and efficiency, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models.
- Builds on 16 of its 34 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Sep 2026.

## Placed in

- Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models / [Visual token pruning and efficiency](https://mlsanity.com/mllm/visual-token-pruning-and-efficiency/)
- Efficient LLM inference and serving / [Visual token pruning in multimodal models](https://mlsanity.com/inference/visual-token-pruning-in-multimodal-models/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 16 of 16)

- [Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.03744/) (2023)
- [LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.03326/) (2024)
- [Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.00837/) (2016)
- [MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.06281/) (2023)
- [Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.09513/) (2022)
- [Towards VQA Models That Can Read](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.08920/) (2019)
- [ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.10244/) (2022)
- [Token Merging: Your ViT But Faster](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.09461/) (2022)
- [A Diagram Is Worth A Dozen Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.07396/) (2016)
- [LLaVA-Video: Video Instruction Tuning With Synthetic Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.02713/) (2024)
- [PyramidDrop: Accelerating Your Large Vision-Language Models via Pyramid Visual Redundancy Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.17247/) (2024)
- [Stop Looking for Important Tokens in Multimodal Language Models: Duplication Matters More](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.11494/) (2025)
- [Beyond Attention or Similarity: Maximizing Conditional Diversity for Token Pruning in MLLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.10967/) (2025)
- [Similarity-Aware Token Pruning: Your VLM but Faster](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.11549/) (2025)
- [MMTok: Multimodal Coverage Maximization for Efficient Inference of VLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.18264/) (2025)
- [Why 1 + 1 < 1 in Visual Token Pruning: Beyond Naive Integration via Multi-Objective Balanced Covering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.10118/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [CoViST: Visual Token Compression via Composable States](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.33397/) (2026)
- [MiCo: Mutual Information Coverage Optimization through Semantic Erasure Modeling for Efficient MLLM Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.34330/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Visual token pruning reduces the inference cost of vision-language models (VLMs), but most methods only ask which tokens to keep. This retained-token view can keep redundant high-scoring tokens while leaving discarded evidence without a close representative. We propose CoverPruner, a training-free pruner that asks the complementary demand-side question: after a token is removed, which surviving original token represents it for the target VLM? CoverPruner formulates pruning as Representational Coverage Maximization (RCM), covering the full projected visual-token set with query-weighted demand. It instantiates RCM with projector-space coverage and a lightweight first-layer attention probe. Across multiple VLM architectures and compression rates, CoverPruner achieves the best average accuracy among all compared methods, with the largest gains usually appearing under aggressive compression.