# sRGB Real Noise Modeling via Noise-Aware Sampling with Normalizing Flows

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.29038 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.29038/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 29 of its 39 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 Aug 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 29 of 29)

- [Density estimation using Real NVP](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1605.08803/) (2016)
- [Glow: Generative Flow with Invertible 1x1 Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.03039/) (2018)
- [Beyond a Gaussian Denoiser: Residual Learning of Deep CNN for Image Denoising](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.03981/) (2016)
- [Real-Time Single Image and Video Super-Resolution Using an Efficient Sub-Pixel Convolutional Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.05158/) (2016)
- [NICE: Non-linear Independent Components Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1410.8516/) (2014)
- [HINet: Half Instance Normalization Network for Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.06086/) (2021)
- [CycleISP: Real Image Restoration via Improved Data Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.07761/) (2020)
- [Benchmarking Denoising Algorithms with Real Photographs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.01313/) (2017)
- [SRFlow: Learning the Super-Resolution Space with Normalizing Flow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.14200/) (2020)
- [Low-Light Image Enhancement with Normalizing Flow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.05923/) (2021)
- [Real Image Denoising with Feature Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.07396/) (2019)
- [Guided Image Generation with Conditional Invertible Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.02392/) (2019)
- [Noise Flow: Noise Modeling with Conditional Normalizing Flows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.08453/) (2019)
- [Dual Adversarial Network: Toward Real-world Noise Removal and Noise Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.05946/) (2020)
- [AP-BSN: Self-Supervised Denoising for Real-World Images via Asymmetric PD and Blind-Spot Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.11799/) (2022)
- [Semi-Supervised Learning with Normalizing Flows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.13025/) (2019)
- [Real-world Noisy Image Denoising: A New Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.02603/) (2018)
- [Hierarchical Conditional Flow: A Unified Framework for Image Super-Resolution and Image Rescaling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.05301/) (2021)
- [C2N: Practical Generative Noise Modeling for Real-World Denoising](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.09533/) (2022)
- [When AWGN-based Denoiser Meets Real Noises](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.03485/) (2019)
- [NTIRE 2020 Challenge on Real Image Denoising: Dataset, Methods and Results](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.04117/) (2020)
- [LG-BPN: Local and Global Blind-Patch Network for Self-Supervised Real-World Denoising](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.00534/) (2023)
- [RENOIR - A Dataset for Real Low-Light Image Noise Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.8230/) (2014)
- [Learning Camera-Aware Noise Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.09370/) (2020)
- [DeFlow: Learning Complex Image Degradations from Unpaired Data with Conditional Flows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.05796/) (2021)
- [MM-BSN: Self-Supervised Image Denoising for Real-World with Multi-Mask based on Blind-Spot Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.01598/) (2023)
- [Learning to Generate Realistic Noisy Images via Pixel-level Noise-aware Adversarial Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.02844/) (2022)
- [Modeling sRGB Camera Noise with Normalizing Flows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.00812/) (2022)
- [A Review of an Old Dilemma: Demosaicking First, or Denoising First?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.11577/) (2020)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Noise poses a widespread challenge in signal processing, particularly when it comes to denoising images. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have exhibited remarkable success in this field, they are predicated upon the belief that noise follows established distributions, which restricts their practicality when dealing with real-world noise. To overcome this limitation, several efforts have been taken to collect noisy image datasets from the real world. Generative methods, employing techniques such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and normalizing flows (NFs), have emerged as a solution for generating realistic noisy images. Recent works model noise using camera metadata, however requiring metadata even for sampling phase. In contrast, in this work, we aim to estimate the underlying camera settings, enabling us to improve noise modeling and generate diverse noise distributions. To this end, we introduce a new NF framework that allows us to both classify noise based on camera settings and generate various noisy images. Through experimental results, our model demonstrates exceptional noise quality and leads in denoising performance on benchmark datasets.