# Quantum SEDONet: Spectrally-Embedded Quantum Deep Operator Networks for Partial Differential Equations

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.27626 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.27626/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 39 of its 82 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Aug 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 39)

- [Fourier Neural Operator for Parametric Partial Differential Equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.08895/) (2020)
- [Neural Tangent Kernel: Convergence and Generalization in Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.07572/) (2018)
- [Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.09661/) (2020)
- [Fourier Features Let Networks Learn High Frequency Functions in Low Dimensional Domains](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.10739/) (2020)
- [DeepONet: Learning nonlinear operators for identifying differential equations based on the universal approximation theorem of operators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.03193/) (2019)
- [On the Spectral Bias of Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.08734/) (2018)
- [FourCastNet: A Global Data-driven High-resolution Weather Model using Adaptive Fourier Neural Operators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.11214/) (2022)
- [Supervised learning with quantum enhanced feature spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.11326/) (2018)
- [Barren plateaus in quantum neural network training landscapes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.11173/) (2018)
- [Learning the solution operator of parametric partial differential equations with physics-informed DeepOnets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.10974/) (2021)
- [Fourier Neural Operator with Learned Deformations for PDEs on General Geometries](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.05209/) (2022)
- [Frequency Principle: Fourier Analysis Sheds Light on Deep Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.06523/) (2019)
- [GNOT: A General Neural Operator Transformer for Operator Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.14376/) (2023)
- [The effect of data encoding on the expressive power of variational quantum machine learning models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.08605/) (2020)
- [U-FNO -- An enhanced Fourier neural operator-based deep-learning model for multiphase flow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.03697/) (2021)
- [Unitary Evolution Recurrent Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.06464/) (2015)
- [On the eigenvector bias of Fourier feature networks: From regression to solving multi-scale PDEs with physics-informed neural networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.10047/) (2020)
- [Convolutional Neural Operators for robust and accurate learning of PDEs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.01178/) (2023)
- [MIONet: Learning multiple-input operators via tensor product](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.06137/) (2022)
- [Barren Plateaus in Variational Quantum Computing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.00781/) (2024)
- [Multifidelity deep neural operators for efficient learning of partial differential equations with application to fast inverse design of nanoscale heat transport](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06684/) (2022)
- [Improved architectures and training algorithms for deep operator networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.01654/) (2021)
- [Digital Twin: Values, Challenges and Enablers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.01719/) (2019)
- [Fourier-DeepONet: Fourier-enhanced deep operator networks for full waveform inversion with improved accuracy, generalizability, and robustness](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.17289/) (2023)
- [Quantum Vision Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.08167/) (2022)
- [LNO: Laplace Neural Operator for Solving Differential Equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.10528/) (2023)
- [SVD Perspectives for Augmenting DeepONet Flexibility and Interpretability](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.12670/) (2022)
- [Let Quantum Neural Networks Choose Their Own Frequencies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.03279/) (2023)
- [PPDONet: Deep Operator Networks for Fast Prediction of Steady-State Solutions in Disk-Planet Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.11111/) (2023)
- [On fundamental aspects of quantum extreme learning machines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.15124/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Quantum DeepONet accelerates neural-operator inference by evaluating an orthogonally parameterized network on a quantum computer, reproducing in ideal simulation the accuracy of its classical counterpart at asymptotically lower inference cost. Its trunk network, however, receives query coordinates with limited spectral structure, requiring the network to learn oscillatory features through its nonlinearities. We propose Quantum SEDONet (Spectral-Embedded Deep Operator Network), which assigns each trunk coordinate a spectral basis according to its boundary condition: Fourier features for periodic coordinates and Chebyshev features for bounded, non-periodic coordinates. The basis is selected per coordinate rather than per problem, allowing both representations within a single problem. Under unary amplitude encoding, the embedding incurs no additional qubits or circuit depth when its dimension remains within the network width, while increasing the parameter count by only a few percent. Across four benchmarks, Quantum SEDONet reduces the mean relative L2 error by 54.1% for the antiderivative, 49.6% for advection, 36.0% for Burgers, and 36.2% for a mixed-boundary channel Poisson problem. Quantum and classical evaluation paths agree to within 10^-8 throughout. The channel Poisson problem simultaneously uses Fourier features in the periodic direction and Chebyshev features in the bounded direction, demonstrating coordinate-wise boundary-matched spectral embedding without additional quantum-resource cost.