# FU-Mamba: A Frequency-Enhanced Dynamic Scanning Framework for Oralscan Image Segmentation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.26607 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.26607/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Mamba for medical image analysis, one of 10 directions in State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba).
- Builds on 33 of its 57 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Aug 2026.

## Placed in

- State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba) / [Mamba for medical image analysis](https://mlsanity.com/ssm/mamba-for-medical-image-analysis/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 33)

- [Segment Anything](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.02643/) (2023)
- [Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00752/) (2023)
- [Vision Mamba: Efficient Visual Representation Learning with Bidirectional State Space Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.09417/) (2024)
- [Grounded SAM: Assembling Open-World Models for Diverse Visual Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.14159/) (2024)
- [Segment Anything in High Quality](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.01567/) (2023)
- [SegMamba: Long-range Sequential Modeling Mamba For 3D Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.13560/) (2024)
- [LocalMamba: Visual State Space Model with Windowed Selective Scan](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.09338/) (2024)
- [EfficientSAM: Leveraged Masked Image Pretraining for Efficient Segment Anything](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00863/) (2023)
- [U-KAN Makes Strong Backbone for Medical Image Segmentation and Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.02918/) (2024)
- [MedNeXt: Transformer-driven Scaling of ConvNets for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.09975/) (2023)
- [PlainMamba: Improving Non-Hierarchical Mamba in Visual Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.17695/) (2024)
- [MambaAD: Exploring State Space Models for Multi-class Unsupervised Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.06564/) (2024)
- [Structured State Space Models for In-Context Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.03982/) (2023)
- [Vision-RWKV: Efficient and Scalable Visual Perception with RWKV-Like Architectures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.02308/) (2024)
- [MedMamba: Vision Mamba for Medical Image Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.03849/) (2024)
- [Wavelet Convolutions for Large Receptive Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.05848/) (2024)
- [Few-shot Medical Image Segmentation using a Global Correlation Network with Discriminative Embedding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.05440/) (2020)
- [UltraLight VM-UNet: Parallel Vision Mamba Significantly Reduces Parameters for Skin Lesion Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.20035/) (2024)
- [VM-UNET-V2 Rethinking Vision Mamba UNet for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.09157/) (2024)
- [RS3Mamba: Visual State Space Model for Remote Sensing Images Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.02457/) (2024)
- [Mamba or RWKV: Exploring High-Quality and High-Efficiency Segment Anything Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.19369/) (2024)
- [DefMamba: Deformable Visual State Space Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.05794/) (2025)
- [T-Mamba: A unified framework with Long-Range Dependency in dual-domain for 2D & 3D Tooth Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.01065/) (2024)
- [SPANet: Frequency-balancing Token Mixer using Spectral Pooling Aggregation Modulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.11568/) (2023)
- [Virtual Category Learning: A Semi-Supervised Learning Method for Dense Prediction with Extremely Limited Labels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.01169/) (2023)
- [PyramidMamba: Rethinking Pyramid Feature Fusion with Selective Space State Model for Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Imagery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.10828/) (2024)
- [Local Convolutions Cause an Implicit Bias towards High Frequency Adversarial Examples](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11440/) (2020)
- [GTP-4o: Modality-prompted Heterogeneous Graph Learning for Omni-modal Biomedical Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.05540/) (2024)
- [Part-Whole Relational Fusion Towards Multi-Modal Scene Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.14944/) (2024)
- [MedSAM-Agent: Empowering Interactive Medical Image Segmentation with Multi-turn Agentic Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.03320/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Oralscan image segmentation is essential for computer-aided diagnosis and treatment planning in digital dentistry. However, existing visual state space models (SSMs) often rely on manually designed scanning orders to flatten image patches into sequences, which disrupts the semantic spatial continuity and hinders coherent feature extraction from key foreground regions. Moreover, elements such as inconsistent lighting, reflective surfaces, and noise during data acquisition disrupt the frequency distribution by diminishing high-frequency details while enhancing low-frequency components, consequently hindering the accurate localization of boundaries. In response to these challenges, we introduce FU-Mamba, an innovative framework that incorporates dynamic scanning and frequency domain enhancement within the SSM architecture. Specifically, the Dynamic Mamba Block (DMB) adaptively learns sampling offsets via a trainable offset prediction network and performs flexible bilinear interpolation, enabling content-aware scanning that preserves spatial coherence. Furthermore, a frequency domain enhancement block balances spectral components through wavelet-guided decomposition and spectrum pooling, improving robustness under adverse imaging conditions. Experimental findings indicate that FU-Mamba attains a notable enhancement in segmentation accuracy, evidenced by a 1.1% increase in the mean intersection over union (mIoU) metric when evaluated on the dental segmentation dataset. Project page: https://byte2bite.github.io/FU-Mamba/