# Reassembling Distributed Risk: Trajectory-Conditioned Action Generation for Multi-Turn Agent Safety

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.25711 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.25711/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Agent threats, guardrails and governance, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 46 of its 55 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 26 Aug 2026.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [Agent threats, guardrails and governance](https://mlsanity.com/agents/agent-threats-guardrails-and-governance/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 46)

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- [DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.19348/) (2026)
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- [On-Policy Distillation of Language Models: Learning from Self-Generated Mistakes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.13649/) (2023)
- [Identifying the Risks of LM Agents with an LM-Emulated Sandbox](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.15817/) (2023)
- [XSTest: A Test Suite for Identifying Exaggerated Safety Behaviours in Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.01263/) (2023)
- [AgentHarm: A Benchmark for Measuring Harmfulness of LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.09024/) (2024)
- [AppWorld: A Controllable World of Apps and People for Benchmarking Interactive Coding Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.18901/) (2024)
- [Learning to Compress Prompts with Gist Tokens](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.08467/) (2023)
- [Great, Now Write an Article About That: The Crescendo Multi-Turn LLM Jailbreak Attack](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.01833/) (2024)
- [Agent Security Bench (ASB): Formalizing and Benchmarking Attacks and Defenses in LLM-based Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.02644/) (2024)
- [Formalizing and Benchmarking Prompt Injection Attacks and Defenses](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.12815/) (2023)
- [ShieldGemma: Generative AI Content Moderation Based on Gemma](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.21772/) (2024)
- [ShieldAgent: Shielding Agents via Verifiable Safety Policy Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.22738/) (2025)
- [IsolateGPT: An Execution Isolation Architecture for LLM-Based Agentic Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.04960/) (2024)
- [LlamaFirewall: An open source guardrail system for building secure AI agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.03574/) (2025)
- [GuardAgent: Safeguard LLM Agents by a Guard Agent via Knowledge-Enabled Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.09187/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Tool-using LLM agents extend security risks beyond generated text to actions that affect external systems. Under multi-turn decomposition attacks, a harmful objective can be distributed across individually plausible requests and tool calls, becoming apparent only from the accumulated trajectory. Existing defenses either rely on auxiliary online reasoning to recover long-horizon security evidence or assess actions after generation, often incurring additional inference cost or depending on runtime-specific action representations. We propose Reassembling Distributed Risk (ReDiR), a generation-time defense that conditions action generation on trajectory-level security evidence. Before each action, ReDiR compresses the current trajectory into a compact latent safety representation and injects it into the frozen base model. The representation is learned through same-model, cross-view supervision, where safe behavior from an explicit task view provides supervision for recovering distributed safety evidence from the original multi-turn trajectory. This design enables ReDiR to integrate cross-turn security information directly within the generation process without relying on a separate action-level safety module. We evaluate ReDiR on two agent-safety benchmarks across three model families and eight held-out tool domains. ReDiR reduces attack success rates to below 8%, transfers to unseen tool domains, and preserves benign fidelity with low computational overhead.