# A Time-Frequency Dual-Domain Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network for Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Strong Noise

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09174 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.09174/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 1 of its 11 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 10 Aug 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Going Deeper with Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.4842/) (2014)

## Abstract (arXiv)

To address the degradation of bearing fault diagnosis accuracy under strong noise, this paper proposes a time-frequency dual-domain multi-scale convolutional neural network. The time-domain branch employs three parallel convolutional kernels to capture multi-scale impulse features, while the frequency-domain branch applies the Fast Fourier Transform to extract noise-robust spectral structure information. Features from both branches are fused for fault classification, yielding a compact model of 110,122 parameters. Experiments on the CWRU bearing dataset across seven signal-to-noise ratio levels demonstrate that the proposed method achieves 99.75% accuracy under clean conditions and maintains 92.50% at -4 dB SNR, representing a 7.25 percentage-point improvement over the single-domain baseline with monotonically increasing gains under stronger noise. Ablation experiments validate the independent performance contributions of the time-domain multi-scale branch and the frequency-domain branch. Comparative experiments against WDCNN, DRSN-CW, MCNN, and 1D-LeNet confirm the superiority of the proposed method under strong noise conditions.