# CAS2UML: A Handwritten Sketch-to-PlantUML Dataset for Class and Activity Diagrams

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.07036 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.07036/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 2 of its 19 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [From Image to UML: First Results of Image Based UML Diagram Generation Using LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.11376/) (2024)
- [A Formalism-Aware Reward Loop for Handwritten UML-to-PlantUML Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.28987/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Automated UML generation from sketches and images is gaining renewed attention with the rise of large language models and multimodal AI. However, reproducible evaluation remains difficult due to the lack of public datasets with executable groundtruth models. We present CAS2UML, a public dataset of 557 handdrawn UML diagrams, including 271 class diagrams and 286 activity diagrams, each paired with manually validated PlantUML code. We also provide a PlantUML-based validation tool and reusable scripts for checking the syntactic correctness and renderability of generated UML artifacts, enabling reproducible benchmarking of sketch-to-UML approaches. The dataset, validation tool, processing scripts, documentation, and demonstration video are publicly available at: Dataset: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Seym0n /cas2uml_hand-drawn_to_plantuml_dataset; Tool and Scripts: https://github.com/Seym0n/handwritten-uml-dataset; Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQrYeGgT3hs.