# Iterative Hybrid Discrete-Continuous Viewpoint Planning for UAV Photogrammetry

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.05718 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.05718/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 6 of its 18 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [The CMA Evolution Strategy: A Tutorial](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1604.00772/) (2016)
- [GenNBV: Generalizable Next-Best-View Policy for Active 3D Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.16174/) (2024)
- [MP-SfM: Monocular Surface Priors for Robust Structure-from-Motion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.20040/) (2025)
- [MACARONS: Mapping And Coverage Anticipation with RGB Online Self-Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.03315/) (2023)
- [Submodular Trajectory Optimization for Aerial 3D Scanning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.00703/) (2017)
- [Learn-to-Score: Efficient 3D Scene Exploration by Predicting View Utility](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.10354/) (2018)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry requires camera networks that provide sufficient surface coverage, image overlap, parallax, and resolution, yet conventional flight patterns are often poorly adapted to scene geometry resulting in local reconstruction errors. This paper proposes an iterative hybrid discrete-continuous viewpoint planning method for targeted UAV photogrammetry from a proxy reconstruction. The method scores sampled surface points using photogrammetric heuristics based on frontality, imaging distance, parallax, and multi-view observation count, while also evaluating the full viewpoint set in terms of visibility, pairwise overlap, and graph connectivity. Candidate viewpoints are generated around weakly observed regions, refined using clustered Covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) optimisation, and removed when redundant. The final flight path combines close-range detail viewpoints with wider model-coverage viewpoints, balancing local reconstruction quality with global image-network robustness. Evaluation on three synthetic scenes shows that the proposed method improves both reconstruction accuracy and completeness compared with prior UAV path-planning methods.