# VocalRender: Score-Native Singing Voice Synthesis for Real-World Composition

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.27768 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.27768/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 32 of its 39 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 30 Jul 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 32)

- [UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.03426/) (2018)
- [WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.13900/) (2021)
- [FastSpeech 2: Fast and High-Quality End-to-End Text to Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.04558/) (2020)
- [Conditional Variational Autoencoder with Adversarial Learning for End-to-End Text-to-Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.06103/) (2021)
- [Emilia: An Extensive, Multilingual, and Diverse Speech Dataset for Large-Scale Speech Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.05361/) (2024)
- [MERT: Acoustic Music Understanding Model with Large-Scale Self-supervised Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.00107/) (2023)
- [Qwen3-ASR Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.21337/) (2026)
- [YuE: Scaling Open Foundation Models for Long-Form Music Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.08638/) (2025)
- [Multi-Singer: Fast Multi-Singer Singing Voice Vocoder With A Large-Scale Corpus](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10358/) (2021)
- [DiTAR: Diffusion Transformer Autoregressive Modeling for Speech Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.03930/) (2025)
- [Opencpop: A High-Quality Open Source Chinese Popular Song Corpus for Singing Voice Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.07429/) (2022)
- [XiaoiceSing: A High-Quality and Integrated Singing Voice Synthesis System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.06261/) (2020)
- [DeepSinger: Singing Voice Synthesis with Data Mined From the Web](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.04590/) (2020)
- [RMVPE: A Robust Model for Vocal Pitch Estimation in Polyphonic Music](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.15412/) (2023)
- [GTSinger: A Global Multi-Technique Singing Corpus with Realistic Music Scores for All Singing Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.13832/) (2024)
- [TCSinger: Zero-Shot Singing Voice Synthesis with Style Transfer and Multi-Level Style Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.15977/) (2024)
- [TechSinger: Technique Controllable Multilingual Singing Voice Synthesis via Flow Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.12572/) (2025)
- [Mel-Band RoFormer for Music Source Separation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.01809/) (2023)
- [MuChin: A Chinese Colloquial Description Benchmark for Evaluating Language Models in the Field of Music](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.09871/) (2024)
- [SongFormer: Scaling Music Structure Analysis with Heterogeneous Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.02797/) (2025)
- [VISinger 2: High-Fidelity End-to-End Singing Voice Synthesis Enhanced by Digital Signal Processing Synthesizer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.02903/) (2022)
- [Robust Singing Voice Transcription Serves Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.09940/) (2024)
- [SingMOS: An extensive Open-Source Singing Voice Dataset for MOS Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.10911/) (2024)
- [Muse: Towards Reproducible Long-Form Song Generation with Fine-Grained Style Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.03973/) (2026)
- [g2pW: A Conditional Weighted Softmax BERT for Polyphone Disambiguation in Mandarin](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.10430/) (2022)
- [TokSing: Singing Voice Synthesis based on Discrete Tokens](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.08416/) (2024)
- [YingMusic-Singer: Zero-shot Singing Voice Synthesis and Editing with Annotation-free Melody Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.04779/) (2025)
- [Singing Voice Data Scaling-up: An Introduction to ACE-Opencpop and ACE-KiSing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.17619/) (2024)
- [SingNet: Towards a Large-Scale, Diverse, and In-the-Wild Singing Voice Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.09325/) (2025)
- [DiTSinger: Scaling Singing Voice Synthesis with Diffusion Transformer and Implicit Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.09016/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Existing singing voice synthesis systems often require predefined durations, explicit duration prediction, or time-aligned acoustic guidance, which limits their compatibility with practical composition workflows. We propose VocalRender, a score-native system that directly synthesizes singing from lyrics, pitches, symbolic note values, and tempo. It uses an interleaved lyric--note representation and an autoregressive diffusion model to generate continuous acoustic latents while predicting the output length, eliminating the need for explicit duration prediction. Trained on a 2,300-hour singing dataset, VocalRender achieves strong intelligibility, strong melody control, and high speaker similarity across both in-domain and out-of-domain benchmarks. Notably, it outperforms the strongest baseline by 0.42 points in naturalness CMOS, demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed score-native architecture.